Effects of genetic variation and environmental factors on bergenin in Rodgersia sambucifolia Hemsl.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Bergenin is a well-known active compound that exhibits antioxidant, antiarrhythmic, hepatoprotective, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the resource reserve of Rodgersia sambucifolia, one of the main raw materials for extracting bergenin, have sharply declined, and the bergenin content in different germplasms differs vastly, resulting in a serious shortage of the market supply of bergenin.

Aim Of The Study: To investigate the influence of genetic diversity and environmental factors on bergenin content in Rodgersia sambucifolia.

Bone mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium induces the upregulation of Smad6, which inhibits the BMP-4/Smad1/5/8 signaling pathway.

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) conditioned medium on BMP4-induced activation of the Smad signaling pathway during the process of neural stem cells differentiation.

Methods: We designed four experimental groups: (A) control group, (B) BMP-4 treatment group, (C) BMSC-CM group, and (D) BMSC-CM (BMSC-conditioned medium) combined with BMP-4 group. The expression of microtube-associated protein-2 (MAP-2) detected by immunocytochemical staining and western blot.