Study on an Animal Model of Seawater Immersion Injury Following Hemorrhagic Shock.

Introduction: To establish an animal model of delayed intravenous resuscitation following seawater immersion after hemorrhagic shock (HS).

Methods: Adult male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: group NI (HS with no immersion), group SI (HS with skin immersion), and group VI (HS with visceral immersion). Controlled HS in rats was induced by withdrawing 45% of the calculated total blood volume within 30 min.