Case selection and implementation of tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

Background: The tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) was proposed to eliminate the side effects of the nephrostomy tube in recent years, such as pain, channel infection, postoperative bleeding, and longer hospital stay. But there is neither clinical guidelines nor consensus about tubeless PCNL in clinical practice. The study is aimed to how to implement the tubeless PCNL step by step, including case selection preoperatively, improving the technique of the surgeon, making the correct decisions at the end of the procedure, which had not been previously examined.

Deep Genomic Sequencing of Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma in Southern Chinese Patients: A Single-Center Study.

Objective: Bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC) is a common urological malignancy with molecular heterogeneity. However, the genetic feature of Chinese BUC patients is still not well-identified.

Methods: We performed deep sequencing by a large panel (450 genes) on 22 BUC samples and using matched normal bladder tissue as control.

Normalization of magnesium deficiency attenuated mechanical allodynia, depressive-like behaviors, and memory deficits associated with cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis by inhibiting TNF-α/NF-κB signaling in female rats.

Background: Bladder-related pain symptoms in patients with bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) are often accompanied by depression and memory deficits. Magnesium deficiency contributes to neuroinflammation and is associated with pain, depression, and memory deficits. Neuroinflammation is involved in the mechanical allodynia of cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis.

Neuregulin-1-ErbB signaling promotes microglia activation contributing to mechanical allodynia of cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis.

Aims: Central sensitization playsimportant roles in cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis. In addition, as a visceral pain, CYP-induced chronic pain shares common pathophysiological mechanisms with neuropathic pain. Previous studies demonstrated that neuregulin-1 (Nrg1)-ErbB signaling contributes to neuropathic pain, but whether and how this signaling influences mechanical allodynia in CYP-induced cystitis is unclear.

Increased severity of inflammation correlates with elevated expression of TRPV1 nerve fibers and nerve growth factor on interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome.

Objectives: Although evidence supports a role for inflammation in interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS), the mechanism remains unknown. We determined whether inflammation causes an elevated expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) and transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor subtype 1 (TRPV1) and correlated them with the symptoms.

Methods: Bladder biopsies were obtained from 53 IC/BPS patients and 27 controls, and hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunostaining and Western blotting were performed to detect inflammation, TRPV1-immunoreactive and PGP9.

Supine lithotomy versus prone position in minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy for upper urinary tract calculi.

Objective: To compare operative time, safety and effectiveness of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL) in the supine lithotomy versus prone position.

Methods: Between January 2008 and December 2010, a total of 109 consecutive patients with upper urinary tract calculi were enrolled and randomly divided into group A (53 patients, supine lithotomy position) and group B (56 patients, prone position). The MPCNL procedures were performed under the guidance of real-time grayscale ultrasound system.

A randomized controlled trial of postoperative tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cells and cytokine-induced killer cells immunotherapy in patients with localized and locally advanced renal cell carcinoma.

Background: It remains a challenge to inhibit the local recurrence or distant metastasis of localized or locally advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) after surgical resection. We investigated the feasibility, safety and efficacy of immunotherapy using autologous tumor lysate (TL)-pulsed dendritic cells (DCs) and cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells in patients with localized or locally advanced RCC.

Methods: From January 2001 to July 2009, we collected 137 patients that met the selection criteria and randomly divided them into three groups.

Augmenting intraoperative ultrasound with preoperative magnetic resonance planning models for percutaneous renal access.

Background: Ultrasound (US) is a commonly-used intraoperative imaging modality for guiding percutaneous renal access (PRA). However, the anatomy identification and target localization abilities of the US imaging are limited. This paper evaluates the feasibility and efficiency of a proposed image-guided PRA by augmenting the intraoperative US with preoperative magnetic resonance (MR) planning models.

Presence of tumour-infiltrating FOXP3+ lymphocytes correlates with immature tumour angiogenesis in renal cell carcinomas.

Background: FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) inhibit effector T cell functions and are implicated in tumour progression. However, together with microvessel density (MVD) they remain controversial prognostic predictors for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and potential associations have yet to be determined. The objective of this study was to determine the prognostic significance of Tregs and MVD and their potential relationship in RCCs.

Comparative study on ureteroscopic lithotripsy and laparoscopic ureterolithotomy for treatment of unilateral upper ureteral stones.

Purpose: To compare the curative effects of ureteroscopic lithotripsy and laparoscopic ureterolithotomy for unilateral upper ureteral stones, and to explore optimal surgical indications and skills.

Methods: Fifty cases of unilateral upper ureteral stones were randomly divided into two groups: one group underwent ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy under epidural or lumbar anesthesia (n=25), and another group underwent laparoscopic ureterolithotomy under general anesthesia (n=25). Double-J stent was routinely indwelled in both groups.

Endourologic treatments of distal ureteral obstruction in patients with history of pelvic malignancies: efficacy and safety evaluation.

Background & Objective: Postoperative tissue adherence, scarring and radiotherapy often lead to extrinsic compression and stricture in the distal ureter of the patients who had history of pelvic malignancies. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of endourologic techniques in treating this kind of ureteral obstruction.

Methods: From Jan.