Fraxetin alleviates microglia-mediated neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke.

Background: Neuroinflammation, which is mainly mediated by excessive microglia activation, plays a major role in ischemic stroke. Overactivated microglia secrete numerous inflammatory cytokines, causing excessive inflammatory responses and ultimately exacerbating ischemic brain injury. Hence, compounds that attenuate neuroinflammation could become promising drug candidates for ischemic stroke.

Mitochondrial dysfunction and cerebral metabolic abnormalities in patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy subtypes: Evidence from proton MR spectroscopy and muscle biopsy.

Aims: Accumulated evidence indicates that cerebral metabolic features, evaluated by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( H-MRS), are sensitive to early mitochondrion dysfunction associated with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy (ME). The metabolite ratios of lactate (lac)/Cr, N-acetyl aspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr), total choline (tCho)/Cr, and myoinositol (mI)/Cr are measured in the infarct-like lesions by H-MRS and may reveal metabolic changes associated with ME. However, the application of this molecular imaging technique in the investigation of the pathology of ME subtypes is unknown.

Effect of histone modifications on hMLH1 alternative splicing in gastric cancer.

hMLH1 is one of the mismatch genes closely related to the occurrence of gastric cancer. Epigenetic regulation may play more important roles than gene mutations in DNA damage repair genes to drive carcinogenesis. In this article, we discuss the role of epigenetic changes, especially histone modifications in the regulation of hMLH1 alternative splicing.

Neuronal Soluble Fas Ligand Drives M1-Microglia Polarization after Cerebral Ischemia.

Aims: This study explored sFasL expression in neurons and the potential role of neuronal sFasL in modulating the microglial phenotypes.

Methods: In vivo, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was induced in both FasL-mutant (gld) and wild-type (wt) mice. In vitro, primary cortical neuron or microglia or coculture from wt/gld mice was subjected to oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD).