Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of the anhydrous form of the nucleoside analogue entecavir.

The nucleoside analogue entecavir {systematic name: 2-amino-9-[(1S,3R,4S)-4-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-2-methylenecyclopentyl]-1,9-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one}, CHNO, is an antihepatitis B virus drug that has been approved in the US, EU and several countries worldwide. We report here the single-crystal structure of the anhydrous form and compare it with that of the previously reported monohydrate form [Jiang & Liu (2009). Acta Cryst.

The Development of Biologically Important Spirooxindoles as New Antimicrobial Agents.

Background: Antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest threats to global health today, leading to higher medical costs and increased mortality. Because of the emergence and rapid spread of new resistance mechanisms globally, a growing number of infections are becoming harder to treat as the antibiotics used to treat them become less effective. Therefore, the development of new effective antimicrobial agents is still urgently needed.

Ambient fine particles (PM ) attenuate collagen-induced platelet activation through interference of the PLCγ2/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway.

Aims: It has been proven that carbon nanoparticles or diesel exhaust particles stimulate platelet activation. However, the effect of fine particle matter (PM ) on platelet activation remains unknown, which motivates this study.

Methods: PM samples were collected in an urban area of Zhengzhou, China.

Investigations of the total flavonoids extracted from flowers of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic against α-naphthylisothiocyanate-induced cholestatic liver injury in rats.

Ethnopharmacology Relevance: The decoction of the flowers of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic was traditionally used for the treatment of jaundice and various types of chronic and acute hepatitis in Anhui and Jiangsu Provinces of China for hundreds of years. Phytochemical studies have indicated that total flavonoids extracted from flowers of A.