Overview of ferroptosis and pyroptosis in acute liver failure.

In this editorial, we comment on the article by Zhou published in a recent issue. We specifically focus on the crucial roles of ferroptosis and pyroptosis in acute liver failure (ALF), a disease with high mortality rates. Ferroptosis is the result of increased intracellular reactive oxygen species due to iron accumulation, glutathione (GSH) depletion, and decreased GSH peroxidase 4 activity, while pyroptosis is a procedural cell death mediated by gasdermin D which initiates a sustained inflammatory process.

Protein succinylation, hepatic metabolism, and liver diseases.

Succinylation is a highly conserved post-translational modification that is processed enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms. Succinylation exhibits strong effects on protein stability, enzyme activity, and transcriptional regulation. Protein succinylation is extensively present in the liver, and increasing evidence has demonstrated that succinylation is closely related to hepatic metabolism.

An electrochemiluminescence microsensor based on DNA-silver nanoclusters amplification for detecting cellular adenosine triphosphate.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), as the primary energy source, plays vital roles in many cellular events. Developing an efficient assay is crucial to rapidly evaluate the level of cellular ATP. A portable and integrated electrochemiluminescence (ECL) microsensor array based on a closed bipolar electrode (BPE) was presented.

Brief mock-scan training reduces head motion during real scanning for children: A growth curve study.

Pediatric neuroimaging datasets are rapidly increasing in scales. Despite strict protocols in data collection and preprocessing focused on improving data quality, the presence of head motion still impedes our understanding of neurodevelopmental mechanisms. Large head motion can lead to severe noise and artifacts in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies, inflating correlations between adjacent brain areas and decreasing correlations between spatial distant territories, especially in children and adolescents.

Strike Velocity Prediction of Stick Blunt Instruments Based on Backpropagation Neural Network.

Objectives: To analyze and predict the striking velocity range of stick blunt instruments in different populations, and to provide basic data for the biomechanical analysis of blunt force injuries in forensic identification.

Methods: Based on the Photron FASTCAM SA3 high-speed camera, Photron FASTCAM Viewer 4.0 and SPSS 26.

Pristine GaFeO Photoanodes with Surface Charge Transfer Efficiency of Almost Unity at 1.23 V for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting.

Oxide-based photoelectrodes commonly generate deep trap states associated with various intrinsic defects such as vacancies, antisites, and dislocations, limiting their photoelectrochemical properties. Herein, it is reported that rhombohedral GaFeO (GFO) thin-film photoanodes exhibit defect-inactive features, which manifest themselves by negligible trap-states-associated charge recombination losses during photoelectrochemical water splitting. Unlike conventional defect-tolerant semiconductors, the origin of the defect-inactivity in GFO is the strongly preferred antisite formation, suppressing the generation of other defects that act as deep traps.

The Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism After Gynecological Surgery with Nursing Intervention Based on the G-Caprini Scale.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of nursing intervention based on the G-Caprini scale on the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after gynecological surgery and patients' satisfaction rate for nursing care.

Methods: Ninety-eight patients who attended Taizhou People's Hospital and underwent gynecological surgery between January 2021 and December 2021 were selected as subjects and divided into two groups according to a random number table, with 49 cases in each group. The control group was given conventional nursing care, and the experimental group received nursing intervention based on the G-Caprini scale.

[Canopy interception and water harvesting function of shrubs in urban green spaces of semi-humid region and their influencing factors].

In the semi-humid region, developing innovative water conservation urban green space design and facilitating urban greening projects from high water consumption to water conservation are hot topics in research and practice. Using the simulated rainfall method, we explored the water interception and collection functions and their influencing factors of six shrub species ( ×, , var. , ×, and ) in urban green space in the semi-humid region.

A Chinese multi-modal neuroimaging data release for increasing diversity of human brain mapping.

The big-data use is becoming a standard practice in the neuroimaging field through data-sharing initiatives. It is important for the community to realize that such open science effort must protect personal, especially facial information when raw neuroimaging data are shared. An ideal tool for the face anonymization should not disturb subsequent brain tissue extraction and further morphological measurements.

Site-Specific Photochemical Reaction for Improved C=C Location Analysis of Unsaturated Lipids by Ultraviolet Photodissociation.

Unraveling the complexity of the lipidome requires the development of novel approaches to facilitate structural identification and characterization of lipid species with isomer-level discrimination. Ultraviolet photodissociation tandem mass spectrometry (UVPD MS/MS) is a promising tool for structure determination of lipids. The sensitivity of UVPD for lipid analysis however is limited mainly due to weak absorption of UV photons by a C=C.

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry based quantitative analysis of cordycepin from .

Cordycepin, which has great immunomodulatory activities such as anticancer, antifungal, antivirus, antileukemia and lipid-lowering ones, is the secondary metabolite of (). Liquid submerged fermentation is the common cultivation process to produce cordycepin. To optimize the fermentation process and improve production, monitoring the cordycepin secretion in the fermentation is essential.

Investigation of the lipidomic changes in differentiated glioblastoma cells after drug treatment using MALDI-MS.

Lipids differences between tumor and normal tissue have been proved to be of diagnostic and therapeutic significance. The research of lipidomics in tumor is more and more important. Mass spectrometry like matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) can be more convenient and informative for lipids researching in biological and clinical researches.

DREAM : A Toolbox to Decode Rhythms of the Brain System.

Rhythms of the brain are generated by neural oscillations across multiple frequencies. These oscillations can be decomposed into distinct frequency intervals associated with specific physiological processes. In practice, the number and ranges of decodable frequency intervals are determined by sampling parameters, often ignored by researchers.

Photoassisted Selective Steam and Dry Reforming of Methane to Syngas Catalyzed by Rhodium-Vanadium Bimetallic Oxide Cluster Anions at Room Temperature.

Photoassisted steam reforming and dry (CO ) reforming of methane (SRM and DRM) at room temperature with high syngas selectivity have been achieved in the gas-phase catalysis for the first time. The catalysts used are bimetallic rhodium-vanadium oxide cluster anions of Rh VO . Both the oxidation of methane and reduction of H O/CO can take place efficiently in the dark while the pivotal step to govern syngas selectivity is photo-excitation of the reaction intermediates Rh VO CH to specific electronically excited states that can selectively produce CO and H .

Visible-Light-Driven [2 + 2] Photocycloadditions between Benzophenone and C═C Bonds in Unsaturated Lipids.

The [2 + 2] photocycloaddition of alkenes and carbonyls is of fundamental interest and practical importance, as this process is extensively involved in oxetane-ring constructions. Although individual carbonyl group or alkene moiety has been utilized as photoactive species for oxetane formations upon ultraviolet photoexcitation, direct excitation of the entire noncovalent complex involving alkene and carbonyl substrates to achieve [2 + 2] photocycloadditions is rarely addressed. Herein, complexes with noncovalent interactions between benzophenone and C═C bonds in unsaturated lipids have been successfully characterized, and for the first time a [2 + 2] cycloaddition leading to the formation of oxetanes has been identified under visible-light irradiation.

SCFAs-Induced GLP-1 Secretion Links the Regulation of Gut Microbiome on Hepatic Lipogenesis in Chickens.

The impact of gut microbiota and its metabolites on fat metabolism have been widely reported in human and animals. However, the critical mediators and the signal transductions are not well demonstrated. As ovipara, chicken represents a specific case in lipid metabolism that liver is the main site of lipid synthesis.

Near-physiological microenvironment simulation on chip to evaluate drug resistance of different loci in tumour mass.

Developing a bio-functional model in vitro to study cancer resistance, which is a big challenge for clinical cancer therapy, is of great interest. Such reliable model requires appropriate drug diffusion kinetics simulation and a microenvironment that allows cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. In this work, a special hydrogel-based three-dimensional (3D) microfluidic chip was constructed to simulate tumour-vascular microenvironment.

Multi-DNAzymes-functionalized gold nanoparticles for ultrasensitive chemiluminescence detection of thrombin on microchip.

Herein, a chemiluminescence assay with dual signal amplification has been developed based on multi-DNAzymes-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using in situ rolling circle amplification (RCA) for ultrasensitive detection of thrombin on microchip. In this assay, AuNPs was functionalized by aptamer and multi-RCA primer for amplification, and thrombin was sandwiched between the aptamer modified on the microchannel and the aptamer linked AuNP. The further amplification was realized by in situ RCA to expand specific oligonucleotides chains on the AuNPs and produce particular multi-DNAzymes.

Thermal activation of methane by vanadium boride cluster cations VB (n = 3-6).

Investigation on the reactivity of atomic clusters represents an important approach to discover new species to activate and transform methane, the most stable alkane molecule. While a few types of transition metal species have been found to be capable of cleaving the C-H bond of methane, methane activation by the transition metal boride species has not been explored yet. This study reports that vanadium boride cluster cations VB (n = 3-6) can dehydrogenate methane under thermal collision conditions.

Formation of Acetylene in the Reaction of Methane with Iron Carbide Cluster Anions FeC under High-Temperature Conditions.

The underlying mechanism for non-oxidative methane aromatization remains controversial owing to the lack of experimental evidence for the formation of the first C-C bond. For the first time, the elementary reaction of methane with atomic clusters (FeC ) under high-temperature conditions to produce C-C coupling products has been characterized by mass spectrometry. With the elevation of temperature from 300 K to 610 K, the production of acetylene, the important intermediate proposed in a monofunctional mechanism of methane aromatization, was significantly enhanced, which can be well-rationalized by quantum chemistry calculations.

Evaluation of drug combination for glioblastoma based on an intestine-liver metabolic model on microchip.

An intestine-liver-glioblastoma biomimetic system was developed to evaluate the drug combination therapy for glioblastoma. A hollow fiber (HF) was embedded into the upper layer of the microfluidic chip for culturing Caco-2 cells to mimic drug delivery as an artificial intestine. HepG2 cells cultured in the bottom chamber of the chip acted as an artificial liver for metabolizing the drugs.

Study of antioxidant effects on malignant glioma cells by constructing a tumor-microvascular structure on microchip.

In this work, a three-dimensional tumor-microvascular structure was simulated on a microfluidic chip for study of antioxidants effects on malignant glioma cells in vitro. The 3D hydrogel containing lumen was constructed to co-culture endothelial cells and glioma cells to mimic tumor microvascular environment. Macroporous gelatin transglutaminase (TG) hydrogel was prepared with biological and mechanical properties suitable for cells culture and nutrient refresh.

H Oxidation Mediated by Au-Doped Vanadium Oxide Cluster Cation AuVO: A Comparative Study with AuCeO.

To clarify the relationship between the type of the oxide support and the activity of the gold-doped oxide clusters toward H oxidation, a suitable closed-shell system AuVO is chosen to have a comparative study with AuCeO, the first closed-shell cluster that is reactive toward H oxidation. The reaction of AuVO with H was characterized by mass spectrometry and density functional theory calculations. The AuVO cluster is reactive toward H leading to the major product of VOH (+ Au), whereas the product of AuVO (+ HO) is completely absent in the experiment.

Methane Activation by Tantalum Carbide Cluster Anions TaC.

Methane activation by transition metals is of fundamental interest and practical importance, as this process is extensively involved in the natural gas conversion to fuels and value-added chemicals. While single-metal centers have been well recognized as active sites for methane activation, the active center composed of two or more metal atoms is rarely addressed and the detailed reaction mechanism remains unclear. Here, by using state-of-the-art time-of-flight mass spectrometry, cryogenic anion photoelectron imaging spectroscopy, and quantum-chemical calculations, the cooperation of the two Ta atoms in a dinuclear carbide cluster TaC for methane activation has been identified.