Dual Interfacial Modifications by a Natural Organic Acid Enable High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells with Lead Shielding.

Effective interfacial modification of the perovskite layer is a feasible approach to improve the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we introduce a dual interfacial modification approach utilizing a natural organic acid, citric acid (CA), to enhance both interfaces adjacent to the crucial perovskite layer within the PSC structure. First, a CA thin layer is deposited on the top of a SnO electron transport layer to mitigate the corrosive effects of alkaline impurities in SnO on the perovskite film and to control the crystal growth of the perovskite.

Understanding Electrochemical Reaction Mechanisms of All-Electrochem-Active MgSi Electrode in All-Solid-State Batteries.

To better understand the electrochemical reaction mechanism of the MgSi electrode in all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs), a rational all-electrochem-active MgSi electrode is first designed to minimize the inactive component-related interfacial degradation. This is due to its unique mixed conductivity properties, including a high electronic conductivity of up to 8.9 × 10 S cm and an ionic conductivity of 9.

Deep-learning-based method for the segmentation of ureter and renal pelvis on non-enhanced CT scans.

This study aimed to develop a deep-learning (DL) based method for three-dimensional (3D) segmentation of the upper urinary tract (UUT), including ureter and renal pelvis, on non-enhanced computed tomography (NECT) scans. A total of 150 NECT scans with normal appearance of the left UUT were chosen for this study. The dataset was divided into training (n = 130) and validation sets (n = 20).

Overexpression of microRNA-611 inhibits TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and migration in lung cancer cells through MAPKAP1.

Metastasis is a major cause of death in patients with lung cancer (LC). microRNA-611 (miR-611), a miRNA, has been little studied in cancer. Here, we aimed to further elucidate the roles of miR-611 in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migration induced by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in LC cells and the possible underlying mechanisms.

Efficacy and safety of targeted therapy plus immunotherapy combined with hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy (FOLFOX) for unresectable hepatocarcinoma.

Background: The advent of cutting-edge systemic therapies has driven advances in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and therapeutic strategies with multiple modes of delivery have been shown to be more efficacious than monotherapy. However, the mechanisms underlying this innovative treatment modality have not been elucidated.

Aim: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of targeted therapy plus immunotherapy combined with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) of FOLFOX in patients with unresectable HCC.

Comprehensive genomic profiling of pulmonary spindle cell carcinoma using tissue and plasma samples: insights from a real-world cohort analysis.

Pulmonary spindle cell carcinoma (PSCC) is a rare and aggressive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) subtype with a dismal prognosis. The molecular characteristics of PSCC are largely unknown due to its rarity, which limits the diagnosis and treatment of this historically poorly characterized malignancy. We present comprehensive genomic profiling results of baseline tumor samples from 22 patients histologically diagnosed with PSCC, representing the largest cohort to date.

Ferroelastically protected reversible orthorhombic to monoclinic-like phase transition in ZrO nanocrystals.

Robust ferroelectricity in nanoscale fluorite oxide-based thin films enables promising applications in silicon-compatible non-volatile memories and logic devices. However, the polar orthorhombic (O) phase of fluorite oxides is a metastable phase that is prone to transforming into the ground-state non-polar monoclinic (M) phase, leading to macroscopic ferroelectric degradation. Here we investigate the reversibility of the O-M phase transition in ZrO nanocrystals via in situ visualization of the martensitic transformation at the atomic scale.

"Matching Rule" for Generation, Modulation and Amplification of Circularly Polarized Luminescence.

ConspectusCircularly polarized luminescence (CPL) generated by chiral luminescent systems has sparked enormous attention in multidisciplinary field as it brings infinite potential for applications, such as 3D optical displays, biological probes, and chiroptical sensors. Satisfying both the conditions of chirality and luminescence (including fluorescence or phosphorescence) is a prerequisite for constructing CPL materials. In this regard, whether in organic, inorganic, or hybrid systems, chiral and luminescent components generally involve effective coupling through covalent or noncovalent bonds.

Preoperatively predicting vessels encapsulating tumor clusters in hepatocellular carcinoma: Machine learning model based on contrast-enhanced computed tomography.

Background: Recently, vessels encapsulating tumor clusters (VETC) was considered as a distinct pattern of tumor vascularization which can primarily facilitate the entry of the whole tumor cluster into the bloodstream in an invasion independent manner, and was regarded as an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Aim: To develop and validate a preoperative nomogram using contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) to predict the presence of VETC+ in HCC.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 190 patients with pathologically confirmed HCC who underwent CECT scanning and immunochemical staining for cluster of differentiation 34 at two medical centers.

Therapeutic efficacy of tranexamic acid on traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Tranexamic acid (TXA) demonstrates therapeutic efficacy in the management of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of TXA in patients with TBI.

Methods: The databases, namely PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases, were systematically searched to retrieve randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the efficacy of TXA for TBI from January 2000 to November 2023.

Operando monitoring of dendrite formation in lithium metal batteries via ultrasensitive tilted fiber Bragg grating sensors.

Lithium (Li) dendrite growth significantly deteriorates the performance and shortens the operation life of lithium metal batteries. Capturing the intricate dynamics of surface localized and rapid mass transport at the electrolyte-electrode interface of lithium metal is essential for the understanding of the dendrite growth process, and the evaluation of the solutions mitigating the dendrite growth issue. Here we demonstrate an approach based on an ultrasensitive tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) sensor which is inserted close to the electrode surface in a working lithium metal battery, without disturbing its operation.

Interface-type tunable oxygen ion dynamics for physical reservoir computing.

Reservoir computing can more efficiently be used to solve time-dependent tasks than conventional feedforward network owing to various advantages, such as easy training and low hardware overhead. Physical reservoirs that contain intrinsic nonlinear dynamic processes could serve as next-generation dynamic computing systems. High-efficiency reservoir systems require nonlinear and dynamic responses to distinguish time-series input data.

Automatic classification of heart failure based on Cine-CMR images.

Purpose: Heart failure (HF) is a serious and complex syndrome with a high mortality rate. In clinical diagnosis, the correct classification of HF is helpful. In our previous work, we proposed a self-supervised learning framework of HF classification (SSLHF) on cine cardiac magnetic resonance images (Cine-CMR).

JNK/MAPK pathway regulation by BEX2 gene silencing in alcoholic hepatitis mice: Effects on oxidative stress.

Background: Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is a severe alcoholic-related liver disease that is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, for which effective treatments are lacking. Brain-expressed X-linked gene 2 (BEX2) has been implicated in various diseases, but its association with AH has received limited attention. Thus, this study investigated BEX2's impact on the progression of AH by affecting the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (JNK/MAPK) pathway.

The efficacy and safety of one-stage endoscopy combined with intrarenal surgery (mini-nephrostomy tract) in the prone split-leg position for complex renal calculi.

Background: The goal of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery (ECIRS) performed in the prone split-leg position for the treatment of complex renal stones.

Materials And Methods: A mature ECIRS protocol was designed. Retrospective analysis was conducted of medical records between January 2020 and December 2021 of patients with complex renal stones at one center who underwent ECIRS by 2 skilled surgeons using retrograde flexible ureteroscopy and mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the prone split-leg position.

Efficacy of microwave ablation versus radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of colorectal liver metastases: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To study the efficacy of microwave ablation (MWA) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) by meta-analysis.

Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI and the Cochrane Library were searched from the establishment to May 2023, and studies that report outcomes with comparison between MWA and RFA in CRLM treatment were selected by inclusion and exclusion criteria. Furthermore, the perioperative and survival data were statistically summarized and analyzed by Review Manager 5.

Flexible All-in-one Quasi-Solid-State Batteries Enabled by Low-water-content Hydrogel Films.

The high conductivities and good mechanical properties of hydrogel electrolyte films are critical for energy storage devices with high flexibility, fast redox kinetics, and long life. Herein, a low water content (6.63 wt%) hydrogel film is prepared, and a favorable environment is created, with an electrochemical stability window of 2.

Triterpene acid from alleviates inflammation in acute liver injury.

This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of Anctin A, the terpene component, in resisting liver injury. Network pharmacology analysis revealed that MAPK3 was the major action target of Antcin A. Furthermore, experimental research suggested that Antcin A suppressed mouse liver injury, reduced the inflammatory factor levels, and enhanced the anti-oxidative capacity.