Structure-Reactivity Relationship of Zeolite-Confined Rh Catalysts for Hydroformylation of Linear α-Olefins.

Substituting the molecular metal complexes used in the industrial olefin hydroformylation process is of great significance in fundamental research and practical application. One of the major difficulties in replacing the classic molecular metal catalysts with supported metal catalysts is the low chemoselectivity and regioselectivity of the supported metal catalysts because of the lack of a well-defined coordination environment of the metal active sites. In this work, we have systematically studied the influences of key factors (crystallinity, alkali promoters, etc.

Implications of the SNHG10/miR-665/RASSF5/NF-κB pathway in dihydromyricetin-mediated ischemic stroke protection.

Ischemic stroke (IS) remains a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide, and inflammation and oxidative stress play significant roles in its pathogenesis. This study investigates the effects of dihydromyricetin (DHM) on IS using RT-qPCR and western blot with SH-SY5Y cells, focusing on its effects on the small nucleolar RNA host gene 10 (SNHG10)/microRNA (miR)-665/Ras association domain family member 5 (RASSF5) axis and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling. In addition, the effects of the SNHG10/miR-665/RASSF5 axis on SH-SY5Y cell activity, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers were analyzed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, flow cytometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

A new BWO-based RGB vegetation index and ensemble learning strategy for the pests and diseases monitoring of CCB trees using unmanned aerial vehicle.

Introduction: The Cinnamomum Camphora var. Borneol (CCB) tree is a valuable timber species with significant medicinal importance, widely cultivated in mountainous areas but susceptible to pests and diseases, making manual surveillance costly.

Methods: This paper proposes a method for detecting CCB pests and diseases using Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) as an advanced data collection carrier, capable of gathering large-scale data.

Low-Temperature Hydrotreatment of C4/C5 Fractions Using a Dual-Metal-Loaded Composite Oxide Catalyst.

C4 and C5 fractions are significant by-products in the ethylene industry, with considerable research and economic potential when processed through hydrogenation technology to enhance their value. This study explored the development of hydrotreating catalysts using composite oxides as carriers, specifically enhancing low-temperature performance by incorporating electronic promoters and employing specialized surface modification techniques. This approach enabled the synthesis of non-noble metal hydrogenation catalysts supported on AlO-TiO composite oxides.

Synergistic Doping Strategy with Novel Multi-Carbonyl Conductive Polymer Enables Stable Self-Powered Perovskite Photodetectors.

Lead halide perovskites hold immense promise for optoelectronic applications but still suffer from instability caused by defects. The defects are mainly generated from the film fabrication processes and halide ion migration during long-term storage. Here, a synergistic doping strategy is proposed to enhance the stability of perovskites.

[Spatio-temporal Variation in Monthly Vegetation NPP and Its Responses to Climate and Terrain Factors in Chang-Zhu-Tan Green Heart Area].

The Chang-Zhu-Tan ecological Green Heart area is the largest urban agglomeration Green Heart area in China. To clarify the spatiotemporal changes and driving factors of net primary productivity （NPP） of vegetation in the Chang-Zhu-Tan Green Heart area, an improved Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach （CASA） model was used to estimate the monthly vegetation NPP from 2011 to 2020 based on measured and remote sensing data. With the help of ArcGIS 10.

Novel biallelic variants in IREB2 cause an early-onset neurodegenerative disorder in a Chinese pedigree.

Background: Cellular iron metabolism is essential for maintaining various biological processes in organisms, and this is influenced by the function of iron-responsive element-binding protein 2 (IRP2), encoded by the IREB2 gene. Since 2019, three cases of a genetic neurodegenerative syndrome resulting from compound heterozygous mutations in IREB2 have been documented, highlighting the crucial role of IRP2 in regulating iron metabolism homeostasis. This study aims to investigate the molecular basis in a single proband born to non-consanguineous healthy parents, presenting with severe psychomotor developmental abnormalities and microcytic anemia.

Two-Dimensional Topological Platinum Telluride Superstructures with Periodic Tellurium Vacancies for Efficient and Robust Catalysis.

Defect engineering in the inherently inert basal planes of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), involving the introduction of chalcogen vacancies, represents a pivotal approach to enhance catalytic activity by exposing high-density catalytic metal single-atom sites. However, achieving a single-atom limit spacing between chalcogen vacancies to form ordered superstructures remains challenging for creating uniformly distributed high-density metal single-atom sites on TMDs comparable to carbon-supported single-atom catalysts (SACs). Here we unveil an efficient TMD-based topological catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), featuring high-density single-atom reactive centers on a few-layer (7 × 7)-PtTe superstructure.

Robotic surgery versus laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer: a comparative study on surgical safety and functional outcomes.

Backgrounds: This study aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy and functional outcomes of DA Vinci (Xi)-assisted surgery compared to conventional laparoscopic surgery for middle and low rectal cancer, focusing on oncologic cure and functional preservation.

Methods: Between December 2020 and June 2021, 102 patients with middle and low rectal cancer (tumour lower margin ≤10 cm) were enrolled at the affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University. Participants were divided into two groups: robot-assisted (n = 51) and laparoscopy-assisted (n = 51).

Spatial and temporal evolution and factors influencing soil aggregate stability in the riparian zone during exposure: A case study of the water-level fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China.

The water-level fluctuation zone (WLFZ) is a unique riparian region that forms in response to the operation of the reservoir. The periodic submersion-exposure conditions severely affect the properties of soil and vegetation, thus also change the spatial and temporal development of soil aggregate stability. Nonetheless, the changes in both space and time concerning soil aggregate stability and the factors influencing it during the exposure period in the WLFZ are still unclear.

Fleeting-Active-Site-Thrust Oxygen Evolution Reaction by Iron Cations from the Electrolyte.

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is key to sustainable energy and environmental engineering, thus necessitating rational design of high-performing electrocatalysts that requires understanding the structure-performance relationship with a possible dynamic nature under working conditions. Herein, we uncover a novel type of OER mechanisms thrust by the fleeting active sites (FASs) dynamically formed on Ni-based layered double hydroxides (Ni-LDHs) by Fe cations from the electrolyte under OER potentials. We employ grand-canonical ensemble methods and microkinetic modeling to elucidate the potential-dependent structures of FASs on Ni-LDHs and demonstrate that the fleeting-active-site-thrust (FAST) mechanism delivers superior OER activity via the FAST intramolecular oxygen coupling pathway, which also suppresses the lattice oxygen mechanism, leading to improved operando stability of Ni-LDHs.

Activating and Stabilizing Lattice Oxygen via Self-Adaptive Zn-NiOOH Sub-Nanowires for Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

Efficient and durable catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction are essential for realizing the large-scale application of water electrolysis technologies. Here, we report a novel Zn-doped NiOOH subnanowires (Zn-NiOOH SNWs) catalyst synthesized via the electrochemical reconstruction of Zn-NiMoO SNWs. The inclusion of Zn triggers a transition in the oxygen evolution reaction mechanism of NiOOH from the adsorbate evolution mechanism to the lattice oxygen mechanism, resulted from Zn's adaptive adjustment of coordination types, which also improves the reaction energetics, thereby enhancing the stability and activity.

Elastic Modulus Measurement at High Temperatures for Miniature Ceramic Samples Using Laser Micro-Machining and Thermal Mechanical Analyzer.

In this paper, we demonstrate a method of measuring the flexural elastic modulus of ceramics at an intermediate (~millimeter) scale at high temperatures. We used a picosecond laser to precisely cut microbeams from the location of interest in a bulk ceramic. They had a cross-section of approximately 100 μm × 300 μm and a length of ~1 cm.

Curdlan-Mediated Syngeneic RNAi against NF-κB in Glial Cells Protects Cerebral Vessels in the TBI Mouse Model.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) activates the NF-κB pathway in microglia and astrocytes, which secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines that disrupt the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Curdlan derivatives are promising carriers for the delivery of siRNA drugs. Herein, we evaluated the glial cell specificity, siRNA delivery efficiency, and the subsequent phenotypic regulation of glial cells by the Curdlan derivatives in the TBI mouse model.

Evaluation of a Deep Learning Based Approach to Computational Label Free Cell Viability Quantification.

One of the most common techniques found in a cell biology or tissue engineering lab is the cytotoxicity assay. This can be performed using a variety of different dyes and stains and various protocols to result in a clear indication of dead and live cells within a culture to quantify the viability of a culture and monitor for sudden drops or increases in viability by a drug, material, viral vector, etc introduced into the culture. This assay helps cell biologists determine the health of their culture and what toxicity added substances may add to the culture and whether they are appropriate and safe to use with human cells.

Boosting the Stability of Subnanometer Pt Catalysts by the Presence of Framework Indium(III) Sites in Zeolite.

Subnanometer metal clusters show advantages over conventional metal nanoparticles in numerous catalytic reactions owing to their high percentage of exposed surface sites, abundance of under-coordinated metal sites and unique electronic structures. However, the applications of subnanometer metal clusters in high-temperature catalytic reactions (>600 °C) are still hindered, because of their low stability under harsh reaction conditions. In this work, we have developed a zeolite-confined bimetallic PtIn catalyst with exceptionally high stability against sintering.

Fe-O Motif Activated Graphitic Carbon via Oxo-Bridge for Highly Selective HO Electrosynthesis.

Carbon-based materials have been utilized as effective catalysts for hydrogen peroxide electrosynthesis via two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e ORR), however the insufficient selectivity and productivity still hindered the further industrial applications. In this work, we report the Fe-O motif activated graphitic carbon material which enabled highly selective HO electrosynthesis operating at high current density with excellent anti-poisoning property. In the bulk production test, the concentration of HO cumulated to 8.

Self-Reconstructed Metal-Organic Framework-Based Hybrid Electrocatalysts for Efficient Oxygen Evolution.

Refining synthesis strategies for metal-organic framework (MOF)-based catalysts to improve their performance and stability in an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a big challenge. In this study, a series of nanostructured electrocatalysts were synthesized through a solvothermal method by growing MOFs and metal-triazolates (METs) on nickel foam (NF) substrates (named MET-M/NF, M = Fe, Co, Cu), and these electrocatalysts could be used directly as OER self-supporting electrodes. Among these electrocatalysts, MET-Fe/NF exhibited the best OER performance, requiring only an overpotential of 122 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm and showing remarkable stability over 15 h.

Carbon-Boosted and Nitrogen-Stabilized Isolated Single-Atom Sites for Direct Dehydrogenation of Lower Alkanes.

Lower olefins are widely used in the chemical industry as basic carbon-based feedstocks. Here, we report the catalytic system featuring isolated single-atom sites of iridium (Ir) that can function within the entire temperature range of 300-600 °C and transform alkanes with conversions close to thermodynamics-dictated levels. The high turnover frequency values of the Ir system are comparable to those of homogeneous catalytic reactions.

Synthesis of Lipidated Ligands and Formulation of Glia-Specific LNPs for RNAi-Mediated BBB Protection.

Pro-inflammatory polarization of microglia and astrocytes results in neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption after a primary traumatic brain injury (TBI). Herein, we demonstrate that the dual-ligand functionalized lipid nanoparticles (AM31 LNPs) were actively and specifically internalized by microglia and astrocytes via mannose receptor (MR)- and adenosine receptor (AR)-mediated endocytosis, respectively, in a mouse model of TBI. Systemic administration of AM31 LNPs carrying siRNA against p65 resulted in internalization by the glial cells in the peri-infarct region and a robust knockdown of p65 at both mRNA and protein levels in these cells, leading to significant down-regulation of key pro-inflammatory cytokines and up-regulation of key anti-inflammatory cytokines.

Correlation between maternal serum biomarkers and the risk of fetal chromosome copy number variants: a single-center retrospective study.

Objective: To explore the association between the concentration of maternal serum biomarkers and the risk of fetal carrying chromosome copy number variants (CNVs).

Methods: Pregnant women identified as high risk in the second-trimester serological triple screening and underwent traditional amniotic fluid karyotype analysis, along with comparative genomic hybridization array (aCGH)/copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq), were included in the study. We divided the concentration of serum biomarkers, free beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (fβ-hCG), alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and unconjugated estriol (uE3), into three levels: abnormally low, normal and abnormally high.

3'-Daidzein Sulfonate Sodium Protects against Glutamate-induced Neuronal Injuries by Regulating NMDA Receptors.

Background: It was previously found that 3'-Daidzein Sulfonate Sodium (DSS) exhibits protective effects on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CI/RI).

Aim: This study aimed to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in the neuroprotective effects of DSS against ischemic stroke.

Methods: In this study, rats with transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) were used as an in vivo model, whereas PC12 cells treated with glutamate alone and rat primary cortical neurons treated with the combination of glutamate and glycine were used as in vitro models.

Tumor-Targeted Codelivery of CpG and siRNA by a Dual-Ligand-Functionalized Curdlan Nanoparticle.

The simultaneous delivery of CpG oligonucleotide along with short interfering RNA (siRNA) has the potential to significantly boost the anticancer impact of siRNA medications. Our previous research demonstrated that Curdlan nanoparticles functionalized with adenosine are capable of selectively delivering therapeutic siRNA to cancerous cells through endocytosis mediated by adenosine receptors. Herein, we synthesized a dual-ligand-functionalized Curdlan polymer (denoted by CuMAN) to simultaneously target tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs).