High pressure-assisted vacuum-freeze drying: A novel, efficient way to accelerate moisture migration in shrimp processing.

High pressure processing (HPP), as nonthermal processing technology, has the potential to increase the drying rate due to its improvement of heat and mass exchange in different processes. In this study, the moisture migration in shrimps during HPP-vacuum-freeze drying (HPP-VFD) processes has been monitored by using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance image (MRI) in comparison with hot air-drying and VFD. Based on the T relaxation spectra, three water fractions corresponding to bound water (hydrogen-bonded water), immobile water (water trapped by organization structure or cell member), and free water were observed.

Comparison of Clinical Efficacy and Complications Between Laparoscopic Partial and Open Partial Hepatectomy for Liver Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis.

Objective: To contrast the clinical effects and complications for the treatment of liver carcinoma in laparoscopic partial hepatectomy (LPH) and open partial hepatectomy (OPH).

Methods: The multiple databases were adopted to search relevant studies, and the articles eventually satisfying the inclusion criteria were included. All the meta-analyses were conducted with the Review Manager 5.

Impact of High Hydrostatic Pressure on the Shelling Efficacy, Physicochemical Properties, and Microstructure of Fresh Razor Clam (Sinonovacula constricta).

Unlabelled: The effects of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatments (200, 300, and 400 MPa for 1, 3, 5 and 10 min) on the shelling efficacy (the rate of shelling, the rate of integrity and yield of razor clam meat) and the physicochemical (drip loss, water-holding capacity, pH, conductivity, lipid oxidation, Ca -ATPase activity, myofibrillar protein content), microbiological (total viable counts) and microstructural properties of fresh razor clam (Sinonovacula constricta) were investigated. HHP treatments significantly (P < 0.05) increased shelling efficiency, water-holding capacity, pH, conductivity, and lipid oxidation, and HHP-treated razor clam showed lower levels of microorganisms and drip loss than untreated razor clam.

Normal Electrocardiogram of Bama Miniature Pigs (Sus scrofa domestica).

This study determined the normal ECG patterns and values for Bama miniature pigs. Standard limb-lead ECG were recorded from 120 clinically healthy, unanesthetized piglets (age, 2 to 4 mo). The values for the ECG parameters (mean ± 1 SD) were: heart rate, 125.

Transgenic expression of human cytoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen4-immunoglobulin (hCTLA4Ig) by porcine skin for xenogeneic skin grafting.

Porcine skin is frequently used as a substitute of human skin to cover large wounds in clinic practice of wound care. In our previous work, we found that transgenic expression of human cytoxicT-lymphocyte associated antigen4-immunoglobulin (hCTLA4Ig) in murine skin graft remarkably prolonged its survival in xenogeneic wounds without extensive immunosuppression in recipients, suggesting that transgenic hCTLA4Ig expression in skin graft may be an effective and safe method to prolong xenogeneic skin graft survival. In this work, using a transgene construct containing hCTLA4Ig coding sequence under the drive of human Keratine 14 (k14) promoter, hCTLA4Ig transgenic pigs were generated by somatic nuclear transfer.

Lentiviral transgenic microRNA-based shRNA suppressed mouse cytochromosome P450 3A (CYP3A) expression in a dose-dependent and inheritable manner.

Cytochomosome P450 enzymes (CYP) are heme-containing monooxygenases responsible for oxidative metabolism of many exogenous and endogenous compounds including drugs. The species difference of CYP limits the extent to which data obtained from animals can be translated to humans in pharmacodynamics or pharmacokinetics studies. Transgenic expression of human CYP in animals lacking or with largely reduced endogenous CYP counterparts is recognized as an ideal strategy to correct CYP species difference.

Kinetic models of dichloroethylene biodegradation by two strains of aerobic bacteria.

Objective: In this study, we examined the biodegradation of Dichloroethylene (DCE) by two strains of aerobic bacteria.

Methods: Using batch experiments, we measured the biodegradation rates of DCE and the residual concentrations of DCE for each bacterial strain. The varying trends in biodegradation rates with different initial concentrations of DCE were fitted to kinetic models.

[Diversity and bacteria community structure of activated carbon used in advanced drinking water treatment].

Two granular activated carbon (GAC) samples with 1.5 a and 5 a age were collected, Bacterial genome DNA was extracted for the 16S rDNA gene amplification, and then a bacterial 16S rDNA gene clone library was constructed. After the phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA sequences, bacterial diversity and community structure of two activated carbon biofilm sample were studied.

[Experimental study of autotrophic denitrification bacteria through bioaugmentation of activated sludge from municipal wastewater plant].

Activated sludge of municipal wastewater treatment plant was domesticated by sulfur as the electron donor under autotrophic. The sludge activity was determined by measuring growth rate of sludge. The removal efficiency of nitrate and sulfate production efficiency were analyzed by continuously measuring the concentration of NO3(-)-N and SO4(2-).

Determination of propofol UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) activities in hepatic microsomes from different species by UFLC-ESI-MS.

Propofol O-glucuronidation has been used as probe reaction to phenotype UGT1A9 activity in human liver, thus a sensitive and specific method for determination of propofol O-glucuronide (PG) is urgently desirable. In the current study, a new LC-ESI-MS method for determination of PG in hepatic microsomes from human (HLM), monkey (CyLM), dog (DLM), minipig (PLM), rat (RLM) and mouse (MLM) was developed and validated using 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-d-glucuronide as an internal standard (IS). PG and IS was separated by a Shim-pack XR-ODS column (100 mm × 2.

Light microscopic, electron microscopic, and immunohistochemical comparison of Bama minipig (Sus scrofa domestica) and human skin.

Here we sought to evaluate the possibility of using Chinese Bama miniature pig skin as a suitable animal model for human skin. Morphologic features of the skin of Bama miniature pigs resemble those of human skin, including skin layer thickness, development of a superficial vascular system, structure of the dermal-epidermal interface, and extracellular matrix. The characteristics and densities of Langerhans cells, fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells, and mast cells were similar between Bama pig and human skin.

[Oxidation of trichloroethylene in water with permanganate].

In order to investigate the removal ability of chlorinated hydrocarbons, the most widely existent pollutant trichloroethylene(TCE) was chosen as the aim pollutant, and the self-made permanganate solution was chosen as oxidant. When the oxidant concentration was 0.276 g x L(-1), the removal rate of TCE reached 100% at 30 degrees C within 30 min.

Bama miniature pigs (Sus scrofa domestica) as a model for drug evaluation for humans: comparison of in vitro metabolism and in vivo pharmacokinetics of lovastatin.

The objective of this study was to demonstrate that Bama miniature pigs are a suitable experimental animal model for the evaluation of drugs for man. To this end, in vitro lovastatin metabolism at the minipig liver microsomal level and in vivo pharmacokinetics were studied. Results were compared with those obtained from humans.

[Sulfide removal from wastewater by nanoscale iron].

Influencing factors, adsorption isotherm, adsorption kinetics and preliminary discussion on the mechanism of sulfide adsorption by nanoscale iron prepared in laboratory were studied using manual simulation sulfide wastewater. Experimental results indicate that the removal efficiency of S2- increases with increasing iron dosage and decreases with increasing initial S2- concentration and pH values. The removal efficiency of S2- is 100% when initial concentration is less than 100 mg x L(-1) and are 87.

[Dechlorination mechanisms of chlorinated hydrocarbons by supported nanoscale Pd/Fe].

Some volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons such as VC, 1,1-DCE, TCE, PCE, gamma-HCH, were dechlorinated by synthesized supported nanoscale Pd/Fe. The dechlorination reactions of PCE, TCE, 1,1-DCE, VC, gamma-HCH follow the pseudo-frist order kinetics equations with the k(obs) of 2.79 h(-1), 2.

Biodegradation of tetrachlorothylene using methanol as co-metabolic substrate.

Objective: To investigate the biodegradation of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) using methanol as electron donor by acclimated anaerobic sludge.

Methods: HP-6890 gas chromatograph (GC), together with HP-7694 autosampler, was used to analyze the concentration of PCE and intermediates.

Results: PCE could be decholrinated reductively to DCE via TCE, and probably further to VC and ethylene.

[Microsatellite analysis in Wistar and Spague-Darley outbred rats].

Genetic quality of outbred stock has an important effect for the experimental results by using those animals, but methods and standardization of genetic detection for outbred stock are absent. In the present study, 6 microsatellite markers were screened for Wistar from Beijing and Spague-Darley (SD) from Shanghai outbred rats by fluorescence-based semi-automated genotyping method. Good polymorphisms were detected on all the 6 microsatellite loci, with 36 alleles found in the 2 stocks, 5-8 alleles each locus, and the polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.

[Expression of CYP3A29 mRNA in Chinese experimental miniature pig's livers quantitated with real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction].

CYP3A29 is the most important key enzyme for drug metabolism in pig's liver. Research of the characters of CYP3A29 mRNA expression in Chinese experimental miniature pig's livers is significant for evaluating it whether suitable for experimental model for drug metabolism mediated by human CYP3A4 enzyme. In this study, the levels of CYP3A29 mRNA expression in livers of Bama miniature pigs, Guizhou miniature pigs and Rongchang pigs were studied by TaqMan-mediated quantitative RT-PCR.

[Resistance analyses for recirculated membrane bioreactor].

The resistance analyses for recirculated membrane bioreactor by the resistance-in-series model and the modified gel-polarization model respectively were extended to the turbulent ultrafiltration system. The experiments are carried out by dye wastewater in a tubular membrane module, it is found that the permeate fluxes are predicted very well by these models for turbinate systems. And the resistance caused by the concentration polarization is studied; the gel layer resistance is the most important of all the resistances.

Anaerobic degradation of tetrachloroethylene using different co-substrates as electron donors.

Objective: To investigate the biodegradation of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) by acclimated anaerobic sludge using different co-substrates, i.e., glucose, acetate, and lactate as electron donors.

[Analysis of presence and difference of sequence of porcine endogenous retrovirus in DNA genomes from peripheral blood white cells of pig and mRNA in tissues from mini-pigs].

The aim is to investigate biological features of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) of pigs in China and to provide basic parameters for evaluation of biological safety of xenotransplantation from pig to human. In this study, basic biologic features of PERV of DNA of peripheral blood white cells of 12 species of domestic pigs in China were examined by polymerase chain reaction; Analysis of difference of PERV gene sequence was investigated by sliver-stained single stranded conformational polymorphism and restriction fragment length polymorphism; Difference of PERV mRNA from a variety of tissue of two species of mini-pig was analysized by reverse transcriptase-PCR and semi-quantitative analysis. These results showed that Sequences of PERV-A, -B genes are ubiquitous in DNA genome of peripheral blood white cells in the examined pigs; There was no single stranded conformational polymorphism in PERV-A, -B gene sequences.

[Studies on the infectivity by porcine endogenous retrovirus with porcine skin fibroblast in vitro and in vivo].

To understand the infectivity by porcine endogenous retrovirus with porcine skin fibroblast cell in vitro and in vivo, porcine skin fibroblast cell established by our laboratory were co-cultured with neo/HEK293 cell for the infection of PERV in vitro, and were subcutaneously transplantated to SCID (severe combined immuno-deficiency) mice for the infection of PERV in vivo, laying the foundation for valuation of biologic safety of xenotransplantation. The event of neo/HEK293 cells infected by PERV occurred during co-culture of porcine skin fibroblast cells with neo/HEK293 cells, expanding the rang of the infection of porcine endogenous retrovirus. After pig cells transplantated subcutaneously in SCID mice, the microchimerism (78.

[Anaerobic biodegradation of tetrachloroethylene with methanol as co-metabolism substrate].

Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) is biodegraded by reductive dechlorination in anaerobic condition. PCE degradation by methanol as co-metabolism substrate was studied. Results show that PCE was dechlorinated reductively to DCEs and TCE, probable VC and ethene.