Research progress and advances in endoplasmic reticulum stress regulation of acute kidney injury.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and severe clinical disorder in which endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays an important regulatory role. In this review, we summarize the research progress on the relationship between ER stress and AKI. It emphasizes the importance of maintaining a balance between promoting and protecting ER stress during AKI and highlights the potential of ER stress-targeted drugs as a new therapeutic approach for AKI.

Molecular mechanisms of endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated acute kidney injury in juvenile rats and the protective role of mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor.

Objectives: This study examined the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in pediatric acute kidney injury and the therapeutic effect of midbrain astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor.

Methods: Two-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into: Sham, ischemia-reperfusion injury-induced acute kidney injury (AKI), mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF)-treated, tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA)-treated. Analyses were conducted 24 h post-treatment.

CqProfilin enhances WSSV infection by promoting viral intracellular transport through binding to both viral nucleocapsid and actin cytoskeleton.

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a large nuclear-replicating DNA virus of crustaceans such as shrimp and crayfish; however, the molecular mechanisms facilitating its transport from the invasion site to the cell nucleus have not yet been well elucidated. In this study, a CqProfilin (CqPFN) with a conserved PROF domain was identified from the red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus. CqPFN was ubiquitously expressed in all examined tissues and hemocyte, with the highest levels in the hemocyte, followed by hematopoietic tissue (Hpt) from which the hemocyte were derived in crayfish.

Single-cell transcriptomics of blood identified IFIT1 neutrophil subcluster expansion in NTM-PD patients.

Objective: Non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) is caused by an imbalance between pathogens and impaired host immune responses. Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and Mycobacterium abscessus (MAB) are the two major pathogens that cause NTM-PD. In this study, we sought to dissect the transcriptomes of peripheral blood immune cells at the single-cell resolution in NTM-PD patients and explore potential clinical markers for NTM-PD diagnosis and treatment.

Clinical outcomes and clinico-pathological correlations in children with MPO-ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis showing renal arteritis.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical features, pathological characteristics, and prognosis in myeloperoxidase (MPO)-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated glomerulonephritis (AAGN) with renal arteritis. The study involved 97 children from five pediatric clinical centers with MPO-AAGN who exhibited distinct clinical features. The patients were divided into AAGN-A+ and AAGN-A-, based on the presence or absence of arteritis, and the disparities in clinical, histopathological characteristics, and prognosis between the two groups was evaluated.

Insect cells of Spodoptera frugiperda support WSSV gene replication but not progeny virion assembly.

The lacking of stable and susceptible cell lines has hampered research on pathogenic mechanism of crustacean white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). To look for the suitable cell line which can sustain WSSV infection, we performed the studies on WSSV infection in the Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) insect cells. In consistent with our previous study in vitro in crayfish hematopoietic tissue cells, the WSSV envelope was detached from nucleocapsid around 2 hpi in Sf9 cells, which was accompanied with the cytoplasmic transport of nucleocapsid toward the cell nucleus within 3 hpi.

Evaluating the consistency in different methods for measuring left atrium diameters.

Background: The morphological information of the pulmonary vein (PV) and left atrium (LA) is of immense clinical importance for effective atrial fibrillation ablation. The aim of this study is to examine the consistency in different LA diameter measurement techniques.

Methods: Retrospective imaging data from 87 patients diagnosed with PV computed tomography angiography were included.

Chemical fingerprint analysis and quality assessment of Tibetan medicine Triphala from different origins by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Introduction: Although the Tibetan medicine Triphala (THL) is widely used in many countries, insufficient progress has been made in quality control.

Objectives: The present study aimed to propose a methodology for quality control of THL based on HPLC fingerprinting combined with an orthogonal array design.

Methods: Seven identified peaks were used as indicators to examine the effects of temperature, extraction time, and solid-liquid ratio on the dissolution of active ingredients in THL.

Targeted modulation of gut microbiota by traditional Chinese medicine and natural products for liver disease therapy.

The gut microbiota not only constitutes intestinal microenvironment homeostasis and human health but also exerts indispensable roles in the occurrence and progression of multiple liver diseases, including alcohol-related liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, autoimmune liver disease and liver cancer. Given the therapeutic status of these diseases, their prevention and early therapy are crucial, and the detailed mechanism of gut microbiota in liver disease urgently needs to be explored. Meanwhile, multiple studies have shown that various traditional Chinese medicines, such as Si Miao Formula, Jiangzhi Granules, Liushen Capsules, Chaihu-Shugan Power, Cassiae Semen and Gynostemma, as well as some natural products, including Costunolide, Coprinus comatus polysaccharide, Antarctic krill oil, Oridonin and Berberine, can repair liver injury, improve fatty liver, regulate liver immunity, and even inhibit liver cancer through multiple targets, links, and pathways.

Composition and assembly of the bacterial community in the overlying waters of the coral reef of China's Xisha Islands.

Coral reef ecosystems are one of the most diverse and productive habitats on Earth. Microbes in the reef-overlying waters are key players in maintaining this ecosystem through regulating biogeochemical and ecological processes. However, the composition structure and assembly mechanism of microbial community in the reef-overlying waters remain largely unknown.

Recent insights into hematopoiesis in crustaceans.

Hematopoiesis refers to the phenomenon that hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) continuously form and produce blood cells with multiple functions. In crustacean, the hematopoietic process produces a variety of hemocytes that form the core and basis of cellular and humoral immunity, which is crucial for crustacean to maintain their lives and protect themselves against microbial infection. The expression of many factors, in the form of transcription factors and humoral factors, are altered during hematopoiesis, which are involved in the regulation of hematopoiesis.

Autophagy and white spot syndrome virus infection in crustaceans.

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process of degradation in eukaryotes, which can form double-membrane vesicles for delivering the trapped cargo to lysosome for degradation, also facilitate host cells against the invasion of foreign pathogens. Recently, autophagy was reported to participate in viral infection in crustaceans. White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is the most severely viral pathogen for farmed crustaceans, particularly in crayfish and shrimp.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Induces Interferon-β Production to Promote Intracellular Survival.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is known as one kind of extracellular pathogens. However, more evidence showed that PA encounters the intracellular environment in different mammalian cell types. Little is known of innate immune factors modulating intracellular PA survival.

Femtosecond Laser Modification of Silica Optical Waveguides for Potential Bragg Gratings Sensing.

The optimum femtosecond laser direct writing of Bragg gratings on silica optical waveguides has been investigated. The silica waveguide has a 6.5 × 6.

Arabinogalactan enhances virulence by suppressing host innate immune responses.

Arabinogalactan (AG) participates in forming the cell wall core of mycobacteria, a structure known as the mAGP complex. Few studies have reported the virulence of inartificial AG or its interaction with the host immune system. Using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats interference gene editing technology, conditional mutants were constructed with a low expression of or (EmbA_KD or GlfT2_KD), which are separately involved in the biosynthesis of AG arabinose and galactose domains.

Airway acidification impaired host defense against infection by promoting type 1 interferon β response.

Airway microenvironment played an important role in the progression of chronic respiratory disease. Here we showed that standardized pondus hydrogenii (pH) of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of bronchiectasis patients was significantly lower than that of controls and was significantly correlated with bronchiectasis severity index (BSI) scores and disease prognosis. EBC pH was lower in severe patients than that in mild and moderate patients.

Invasion and Propagation of White Spot Syndrome Virus: Hijacking of the Cytoskeleton, Intracellular Transport Machinery, and Nuclear Import Transporters.

The pathogenesis of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is largely unclear. In this study, we found that actin nucleation and clathrin-mediated endocytosis were recruited for internalization of WSSV into crayfish hematopoietic tissue (Hpt) cells. This internalization was followed by intracellular transport of the invading virions via endocytic vesicles and endosomes.

Prognostic Value of Combination of Inflammatory and Tumor Markers in Resectable Gastric Cancer.

Background: Inflammatory response and tumor marker levels have been shown to correlate with the prognosis in several human tumors. However, only a few studies on these markers have been performed in gastric cancer (GC) patients; the clinical significance of the combined markers is unclear. We aimed to evaluate the role of the combination of preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) for predicting the prognosis of patients with GC.

A Reverse Orbicularis-Tarsus Fixation Technique in Double-Eyelid Blepharoplasty: A Novel Fixation Technique Different From Park's Technique.

Background: Although Park's "orbicularis-levator fixation technique" has been widely used as a mature double-eyelid surgery in China recently. Shortcomings related to this method cannot be ignored. Thus, a reverse orbicularis-tarsus fixation technique in double-eyelid blepharoplasty has now been devised.

Proton pump inhibitors and the risk of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury in children.

Background: To evaluate the association between use of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and the risk of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury (HA-AKI) in hospitalized children.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study in hospitalized children aged 1 month to 18 years from 25 tertiary hospitals across China from 2013 to 2015. Patient-level data were obtained from the electronic hospitalization databases.