Understanding the mechanism behind preoperative exercise therapy in patients with gastrointestinal cancers: a prospective randomized clinical trial.

Background: There is a gap in knowledge regarding the utility of preoperative exercise (PEx) among gastrointestinal (GI) cancer patients undergoing surgery and how PEx impacts surgical outcomes. This study seeks to evaluate the mechanism behind PEx among patients undergoing major abdominal surgery for GI cancer through a randomized controlled trial (RCT).

Methods: This was a single center RCT conducted at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center.

Exploring the potential mechanisms of sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines based on RNA sequencing.

Background: Exploring the mechanisms underlying sorafenib resistance that arises in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may provide new treatment perspectives.

Methods: Drug-resistant and drug-sensitive HCC cell lines were constructed from existing HepG2 and Huh7 cell lines, and gene expression profiles were determined. Genes differentially expressed between the resistant and sensitive lines were identified and organized into modules based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis.

Assessing the diagnostic utility of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in evaluating coronary artery disease.

ObjectiveThis retrospective study aimed to investigate the correlation between the cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and the severity of coronary stenosis (SYNTAX score) in patients with stable coronary artery disease (SCAD), thereby assessing CPET's diagnostic value.MethodsWe classified 220 patients who underwent coronary angiography into coronary heart disease (CHD) and non-CHD groups based on stenosis severity. Patients with SCAD were categorized into mild, moderate, and severe groups by the SYNTAX score.

Preparation and Characterization of Graphene-Nanosheet-Reinforced Ni-17Mo Alloy Composites for Advanced Nuclear Reactor Applications.

Molten salt reactors (MSRs) offer advantages such as enhanced safety, reduced nuclear waste, and cost effectiveness. However, the corrosive nature of fluoride-based molten salts challenges the longevity of structural materials. Ni-based alloys, like Hastelloy N, have shown resistance to fluoride salt corrosion but suffer from issues like helium embrittlement caused by neutron irradiation.

Discovery and identification of semaphorin 4D as a bioindicator of high fracture incidence in type 2 diabetic mice with glucose control.

Introduction: Bone fracture is increasing in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to skeletal fragility. Most antidiabetics are expected to reduce the incidence of fracture in patients with T2DM, however the results are disappointing. Metformin and GLP-1 receptor agonists have a neutral or minor positive effect in reducing fractures.

Gold-Catalyzed Synthesis of (Dihydro)quinolones by Cyclization of Benzaldehyde-Tethered Ynamides and Anilines.

2-Quinolones represent a versatile class of compounds that are prevalent in natural and medicinally relevant molecules. Here we report a new approach to the selective formation of these structures. By gold catalysis, a range of benzaldehyde-tethered ynamides reacted with anilines, leading to 4-amino-3,4-dihydro-2-quinolones with high efficiency and excellent diastereoselectivity in dichloromethane.

How much data is enough? Optimization of data collection for artifact detection in EEG recordings.

. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a widely used neuroimaging technique known for its cost-effectiveness and user-friendliness. However, the presence of various artifacts leads to a poor signal-to-noise ratio, limiting the precision of analyses and applications.

Harnessing Computational Strategies to Overcome Challenges in mRNA Vaccines.

In recent years, the introduction of mRNA vaccines for SARS-CoV2 and RSV has highlighted the success of the mRNA technology platform. Designing mRNA sequences involves multiple components and requires balancing several parameters, including enhancing transcriptional efficiency, boosting antigenicity, and minimizing immunogenicity. Moreover, changes in the composition and properties of delivery vehicles can also affect vaccine performance.

Effectiveness of AI for Enhancing Computed Tomography Image Quality and Radiation Protection in Radiology: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) presents a promising approach to balancing high image quality with reduced radiation exposure in computed tomography (CT) imaging.

Objective: This meta-analysis evaluates the effectiveness of AI in enhancing CT image quality and lowering radiation doses.

Methods: A thorough literature search was performed across several databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Cochrane Library, with the final update in 2024.

Tunneling-barrier-controlled sensitive deep ultraviolet photodetectors based on van der Waals heterostructures.

Deep ultraviolet (DUV) photodetection usually relies on wide-bandgap semiconductors, which however face challenges in material growth and doping processes. In this work, we proposed and validated a photodetection scheme based on tunneling barrier modulation, achieving highly sensitive DUV photodetection. Using a two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructure, the device integrates MoS as the transporting layer for its high carrier mobility and low dark current, few-layered graphene (FLG) as the photon absorption layer, and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) as the dielectric barrier.

Comparative analysis of the heart histological structure, metabolic enzyme activities and transcriptome profiles of juvenile and adult yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) in the South China Sea.

The yellowfin tuna is a large marine carnivorous fish with high commercial value. It is known for its unique physiological characteristics and holds significant potential for aquaculture. However, research on this species' developmental biology and physiology remains limited, particularly regarding the structural characteristics and functional changes in the developing heart.

Prophylactic antibiotics in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Reducing postoperative infection risk-A meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis.

Background: The impact of prophylactic antibiotics on postoperative infection following laparoscopic cholecystectomy remains controversial. This meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis aims to assess the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics in reducing the risk of postoperative infection following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Methods: Multiple databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science were systematically searched to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from inception to January 23, 2024.

A panel of miRNAs in the serum extracellular vesicles serve as novel diagnostic biomarkers for MASLD.

The increased prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and its profound implications for global health have sparked extensive research endeavors aimed at developing potential diagnostic methods for this condition. Despite the achievements in defining various environmental factors and genetic predispositions linked to MASLD, diagnosis and clinical staging of the disease remain challenging. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have garnered considerable attention owing to their roles in metabolic dysfunctions and their potential as biomarkers for various conditions.

Stigmasterol, a Major Component of , Ameliorates Osteoporosis in Diabetes Mellitus Effects by Increasing Bone Mineral Density.

Objectives: This study investigated the therapeutic effects of stigmasterol (STG), derived from , on osteoporosis in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: Twenty-four Male Sprague-Dawley rats (6 weeks old) were used to establish a T2DM model and were divided into four groups: normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), low-dose STG (STG-L, 100 mg/kg), and high-dose STG (STG-H, 200 mg/kg). The rats received daily gavage treatments for four weeks.

Baicalein inhibits hepatitis B virus through the coiled coil domain containing protein 88A (CCDC88A)-dependent autophagy pathway.

Background: Chronic infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) represents a significant global health concern. Baicalein, a naturally occurring flavone derived from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has exhibited both anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities. S.

Medroxyprogesterone promotes neuronal survival after cerebral ischemic stroke by inhibiting PARthanatos.

Introduction: Cerebral ischemic stroke (CIS) is caused by the interruption of cerebral blood circulation due to thrombosis or embolism and is the second-leading cause of mortality worldwide. The neuronal death and motor dysfunction resulting from CIS are primarily attributed to the induction of PARthanatos in neurons at the site of ischemia. Blocking parthanatos is a promising treatment for CIS.

Association of 5α-reductase inhibitor prescription with immunotherapy efficacy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a multicenter retrospective analysis.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), but response rates remain heterogeneous, and reliable predictive biomarkers are lacking. Recent studies suggest that androgen receptor (AR) signaling plays a role in regulating CD8 T-cell function, implying that 5α-reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs), which lower androgen activity, could enhance antitumor immunity and improve clinical outcomes in patients receiving immunotherapy. This study retrospectively investigates the impact of a history of 5-ARI use (≥12 months) on the efficacy of ICIs in mRCC.

Comprehensive analysis of a-and b-thalassemia genotypes and hematologic phenotypes.

Background: Guizhou Province is an area with high incidence of thalassemia. However, there are few large-sample studies on the correlation between genotypes and phenotypes in Guizhou Province. In this study, the phenotypes and genotypes of 1174 patients with thalassemia in Guizhou Province were collected, and the relationship between different genotypes and phenotypes was analyzed, providing a more accurate basis for genetic counseling, prevention and control of thalassemia.

Immunoregulatory Neuro-Vascularized Osseointegration Driven by Different Nano-Morphological CaTiO Bioactive Coatings on Porous Titanium Alloy Scaffolds.

Up to now, how to implement the optimal regenerative repair of large load-bearing bone defects using artificial bone prosthesis remains to be an enormous challenge in clinical practice. Titanium-based alloys, especially Ti6Al4V, are applied as artificial bone grafts due to their favorable mechanical property and biocompatibility, assisted by personalized customization of 3D-printing to completely match with the bone defect. However, their bioinert peculiarity restricts osteointegration at the interface between bone and titanium-based implants and bone growth into porous titanium-based scaffolds, for lack of bone regeneration with the aid of blood vessels and neural networks.

Enhanced Release and Reactivity of Soil Water-Extractable Organic Matter Following Wildfire in a Subtropical Forest.

Climate-driven increases in wildfire frequency may disrupt soil carbon dynamics, potentially creating positive feedback within global carbon cycle. However, the release and lability of soil carbon following wildfire remain unclear, limiting our ability to predict fire impacts on carbon cycling. Here, we investigated chemical alterations in soil water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) following a subtropical forest wildfire by comparing burned soils to an adjacent unburned site.

Research Hotspots and Frontier Trends of Autophagy in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy From 2014 to 2024: A Bibliometric Analysis.

Objective: In recent years, the investigation of autophagy mechanisms has gained prominence as a key focus for understanding the pathogenesis and therapeutic potential of diabetic cardiomyopathy. This study aims to present an overview of the current state, major research areas, and emerging trends in autophagy related to diabetic cardiomyopathy through bibliometric analysis, offering a scientific foundation for future research.

Methods: The Web of Science Core Collection served as the data source for this study, from which full-text publications were extracted.

SHCBP1 is a novel regulator of PLK1 phosphorylation and promotes prostate cancer bone metastasis.

Prostate cancer is a common male genitourinary malignancy with bone metastasis posing challenges for prognosis and treatment. This study aimed to investigate the role of SHC protein SH2 structural domain binding protein 1 (SHCBP1) in prostate cancer bone metastasis. Whole transcriptome sequencing of prostate cancer samples was conducted to identify oncogene expression, specifically focusing on SHCBP1.

SCN5A variant type-dependent risk prediction in Brugada syndrome.

Aims: The variant in SCN5A with the loss of function (LOF) effect in the cardiac Na+ channel (Nav1.5) is the definitive cause for Brugada syndrome (BrS), and the functional analysis data revealed that LOF variants are associated with poor prognosis. However, which variant types (e.

NSUN3 Aggravates Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury by Stabilising TIFA mRNA Through m5C.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of sepsis and also a risk factor for progression of chronic kidney disease. NOP2/Sun RNA methyltransferase 3 (NSUN3) is involved in the regulation of sepsis progression. However, the mechanism by which NSUN3 regulates sepsis-associated AKI (SA-AKI) remains unclear.