Unraveling the Origin of the Repulsive Interaction between Hydrogen Adsorbates on Platinum Single-Crystal Electrodes.

Hydrogen adsorption on platinum (Pt) single-crystal electrodes has been studied intensively in both experiments and computations. Yet, the precise origin and nature of the repulsive interactions observed between hydrogen adsorbates (H) have remained elusive. Here, we use first-principles density functional theory calculations to investigate in detail the interactions between H on Pt(111), Pt(100), and Pt(110) surfaces.

Innovating a Community-driven Enumeration and Needs Assessment of People Experiencing Homelessness: A Network Sampling Approach for the HUD-Mandated Point-in-Time Count.

To enumerate people experiencing homelessness in the U.S., the federal Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) mandates its designated local jurisdictions regularly conduct a crude census of this population.

Research Priorities for Childhood Apraxia of Speech: A Long View.

This article introduces the Special Issue: Selected Papers From the 2022 Apraxia Kids Research Symposium. The field of childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) has developed significantly in the past 15 years, with key improvements in understanding of basic biology including genetics, neuroscience, and computational modelling; development of diagnostic tools and methods; diversity of evidence-based interventions with increasingly rigorous experimental designs; and understanding of impacts beyond impairment-level measures. Papers in this special issue not only review and synthesize the some of the substantial progress to date but also present novel findings addressing critical research gaps and adding to the overall body of knowledge.

The Locations of Palestine and the U.S. in the Global Map of Homelessness: Part I.

It's now well appreciated that social determinants of health are the strongest predictors of our health and well-being. A good argument could be made that housing is at the top of the pyramid of these determinants. And, surprisingly, housing is also the social determinant that could rapidly turn on a dime-that is, with sufficient political will, creating access to housing could be radically expanded in short order.

The Locations of Palestine and the U.S. in the Global Map of Homelessness: Part 2.

It's now well appreciated that social determinants of health are the strongest predictors of our health and well-being. A good argument could be made that housing is at the top of the pyramid of these determinants. And, surprisingly, housing is also the social determinant that could rapidly turn on a dime-that is, with sufficient political will, creating access to housing could be radically expanded in short order.

Mutual Aid Praxis Aligns Principles and Practice in Grassroots COVID-19 Responses Across the US.

COVID-19 elicited a rapid emergence of new mutual aid networks in the US, but the practices of these networks are understudied. Using qualitative methods, we explored the empirical ethics guiding US-based mutual aid networks' activities, and assessed the alignment between principles and practices as networks mobilized to meet community needs during 2020-21. We conducted in-depth interviews with 15 mutual aid group organizers and supplemented these with secondary source materials on mutual aid activities and participant observation of mutual aid organizing efforts.

Treatment of Intrathecal Drug Pump Flipping Using Fascial Flaps: A Technical Description and Case Series.

Background And Objectives: Intrathecal drug therapy is a common treatment for dystonia, pain, and spasticity using implanted pump and catheter systems. Standardized management of intrathecal drug pump (ITDP) migration and flipping has not been well established in the literature. This study reports the use of soft tissue to address less common pump complications such as pump flipping, migration, and difficulty in medication refill.

Neurodiversity, Networks, and Narratives: Exploring Intimacy and Expressive Freedom in the Time of Covid-19.

The Narratives of Neurodiversity Network (NNN) is a neurodivergent academic, creative, and educator collective that came together with allies during the Covid-19 pandemic to create a network centred around emerging narratives about neurodiversity and exploring new ways of learning and socialising. The network focuses on exploring the roles of written, spoken, and visual narratives across cultural locations about neuro-atypical experiences in generating improved agency and self-advocacy for those who have been subject to pathologization through neuro-normativity and intersecting oppression. During the last year, widening access to digital platforms has provided a space to explore these issues outside of traditional academic spaces.

Importance of Halide Ions in the Stabilization of Hybrid Sn-Based Coatings for Lithium Electrodes.

The properties of hybrid Sn-based artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layers in protecting Li-metal electrodes toward surface instabilities were investigated via a combined experimental and theoretical approach. The performance of coating layers can be coherently explained based on the nature of the coating species. Notably, when starting from a chloride precursor, the hybrid coating layer is formed by an intimate mixture of LiSn and LiCl: the first ensures a high bulk ionic conductivity, while the second forms an external layer allowing a fast surface diffusion of Li to avoid dendrite growth, a low surface tension to guarantee the thermodynamic stability of the protective layer, and a negative underneath plating energy (UPE) to promote lithium plating at the interface between the Li metal and the coating layer.

Advancement of the Homogeneous Background Method for the Computational Simulation of Electrochemical Interfaces.

Computational studies of electrochemical interfaces based on density-functional theory (DFT) play an increasingly important role in the present research on electrochemical processes for energy conversion and storage. The homogeneous background method (HBM) offers a straightforward approach to charge the electrochemical system within DFT simulations, but it typically requires the specification of the active fraction of excess electrons based on a certain choice of the electrode-electrolyte boundary location, which can be difficult in the presence of electrode-surface adsorbates or explicit solvent molecules. In this work, we present a methodological advancement of the HBM, both facilitating and extending its applicability.

Association Between Subnational Vaccine Coverage, Migration, and Incident Cases of Measles, Mumps, and Rubella in Iraq, 2001-2016.

Objective: This analysis examines governorate-level disease incidence as well as the relationship between incidence and the number of persons of concern for three vaccine-preventable diseases-measles, mumps, and rubella-between 2001 and 2016.

Methods: Using Iraqi Ministry of Health and United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) data, we performed descriptive analyses of disease incidence and conducted a pooled statistical analysis with a linear mixed effects regression model to examine the role of vaccine coverage and migration of persons of concern on subnational disease incidence.

Results: We found large variability in governorate-level incidence, particularly for measles (on the order of 100x).

Conflict-related intentional injuries in Baghdad, Iraq, 2003-2014: A modeling study and proposed method for calculating burden of injury in conflict.

Background: Previous research has focused on the mortality associated with armed conflict as the primary measure of the population health effects of war. However, mortality only demonstrates part of the burden placed on a population by conflict. Injuries and resultant disabilities also have long-term effects on a population and are not accounted for in estimates that focus solely on mortality.

Advocates Make a Difference in Duration of Homelessness and Quality of Life.

Social support is known to protect against homelessness and improve the wellbeing of people experiencing homelessness, but the role of professional versus informal advocates has not been studied in relation to the duration of homelessness and quality of life. We measured the effect of the presence and quality of formal (professional) and informal (family or friend) advocates on these outcomes. Our team interviewed 67 adults experiencing homelessness at tiny house villages and self-organized encampments in Seattle/King County, Washington in 2018-2019.

African Physician Migration to High-Income Nations: Diverse Motives to Emigrate ("We Are not Florence Nightingale") or Stay in Africa ("There Is No Place Like Home") Comment on "Doctor Retention: A Cross-sectional Study of How Ireland Has Been Losing the Battle".

Research in assessing the global and asymmetric flows of health workers in general, and international medical graduates in particular, is fraught with controversy. The complex goal of improving health status of the citizens of home nations while ensuring the right of health workers to migrate generates policy discussions and decisions that often are not adequately informed by evidence. In times of global public health crises like the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic, the need for equitable distribution and adequate training of health workers globally becomes even more pressing.

Presence of Any Medical Debt Associated With Two Additional Years of Homelessness in a Seattle Sample.

Although medical debt has been associated with housing instability, almost no research has connected homelessness to medical debt. We interviewed 60 individuals experiencing homelessness in Seattle, selected from those participating in self-governed encampments organized by a homeless advocacy organization. Most respondents reported having at least one kind of debt, with two-thirds reporting current medical debt.

Modeling interfacial electrochemistry: concepts and tools.

This paper presents a grand canonical formalism to treat electrochemical effects at interfaces. This general formalism is linked with the classical chemical hydrogen electrode (CHE) approximation and an improved approximation is proposed. This new approximation including a higher order correction that (i) keeps the low computational cost of classical CHE approach, (ii) does not require to know the type of reaction (electrochemical/not electrochemical) and (iii) should give better estimates in many problematic cases.

Solidarity and disparity: Declining labor union density and changing racial and educational mortality inequities in the United States.

Background: Recently, United States life expectancy has stagnated or declined for the poor and working class and risen for the middle and upper classes. Declining labor-union density-the percent of workers who are unionized-has precipitated burgeoning income inequity. We examined whether it has also exacerbated racial and educational mortality inequities.

International migration of health labour: monitoring the two-way flow of physicians in South Africa.

Introduction: Although health labour migration is a global phenomenon, studies have neglected the flow of health workers into low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). In compliance with the data-monitoring recommendation of the WHO Global Code of Practice on the International Recruitment of Health Personnel (Code), we estimated post-Code physician net migration (NM) in South Africa (SA), and SA's net loss of physicians to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries from 2010 to 2014.

Methods: We sourced data from the National Reporting Instrument reports, the OECD and the General Medical Council.

The epidemiology of 32 selected communicable diseases in Iraq, 2004-2016.

Background: The 2003 invasion of Iraq significantly undermined population health. However, there is a lack of understanding of how it undermined communicable disease control. This study was performed to assess the incidence trends of 32 communicable diseases in post-conflict Iraq.