Enhancing metabolic efficiency via novel constitutive promoters to produce protocatechuic acid in Escherichia coli.

The antioxidant molecule protocatechuic acid (PCA) can also serve as a precursor for polymer building blocks. PCA can be produced in Escherichia coli overexpressing 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase (DSD), an enzyme that catalyses the transformation of 3-dehydroshikimate to PCA. Nevertheless, optimizing the expression rate of recombinant enzymes is a key factor in metabolic engineering when producing biobased chemicals.

Glycemic control assessed by continuous glucose monitoring during pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes and its association with preeclampsia, an observational Swedish cohort study.

Introduction: Women with type 1 diabetes have an increased risk of preeclampsia (PE), but it is not fully understood if degree of glycemic control is associated with this risk. The aim of this study was to assess glycemic control during pregnancy analyzed by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in women with and without PE and to investigate if glycemic control is associated with increased risk of PE.

Material And Methods: A total of 120 pregnant Swedish women with type 1 diabetes using CGM were included.

Long-Term Oncological Outcomes after Nerve-Sparing Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy for High-Risk Localized Prostate Cancer: A Single-Center, Two-Arm Prospective Study.

Aims: To compare the oncological outcomes of patients with high-risk localized prostate cancer undergoing nerve-sparing and non-nerve-sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP).

Methods: Between November 2002 and December 2018, we prospectively recorded the data of patients undergoing RARP for high-risk localized prostate cancer (PCa) at our tertiary referral center. NSS (nerve-sparing surgery) was carefully offered on the basis of the preoperative clinical characteristics of the patients and an intraoperative assessment.

Child and maternal benefits and risks of caseload midwifery - a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: It has been reported that caseload midwifery, which implies continuity of midwifery care during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postnatal period, improves the outcomes for the mother and child. The aim of this study was to review benefits and risks of caseload midwifery, compared with standard care comparable to the Swedish setting where the same midwife usually provides antenatal care and the checkup postnatally, but does not assist during birth and the first week postpartum.

Methods: Medline, Embase, Cinahl, and the Cochrane Library were searched (Nov 4th, 2021) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Key outcomes in childbirth: Development of a perinatal core outcome set for management of labor and delivery at or near term.

Introduction: Consistency and relevance of perinatal outcome measures are necessary basics for obstetric research, audit, and clinical counseling. Still, there is an unwarranted variation in reported perinatal outcomes, which impairs research synthesis, validity, and implementation, as well as clinical benchmarking and longitudinal comparisons. The aim of this study was to develop a short-term perinatal (fetal and neonatal) Core Outcome Set to be used in research and quality assurance of management of labor and delivery at or near term.

Polygenic Analysis of Tolerance to Carbon Dioxide Inhibition of Isoamyl Acetate "Banana" Flavor Production in Yeast Reveals as Major Causative Gene.

The introduction in modern breweries of tall cylindroconical fermentors, replacing the traditional open fermentation vats, unexpectedly revealed strong inhibition of flavor production by the high CO pressure in the fermentors. We have screened our collection of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains for strains displaying elevated tolerance to inhibition of flavor production by +0.65 bar CO, using a laboratory scale CO pressurized fermentation system.

Urinary continence recovery and oncological outcomes after surgery for prostate cancer analysed by risk category: results from the LAParoscopic prostatectomy robot and open trial.

Purpose: To evaluate urinary continence (UC) recovery and oncological outcomes in different risk-groups after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RALP) and open retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP).

Patients And Methods: We analysed 2650 men with prostate cancer from seven open (n = 805) and seven robotic (n = 1845) Swedish centres between 2008 and 2011 in a prospective non-randomised trial, LAPPRO. UC recovery was defined as change of pads less than once in 24 h.

Chemical signaling and insect attraction is a conserved trait in yeasts.

Yeast volatiles attract insects, which apparently is of mutual benefit, for both yeasts and insects. However, it is unknown whether biosynthesis of metabolites that attract insects is a basic and general trait, or if it is specific for yeasts that live in close association with insects. Our goal was to study chemical insect attractants produced by yeasts that span more than 250 million years of evolutionary history and vastly differ in their metabolism and lifestyle.

Oncologic Outcomes After Robot-assisted Radical Prostatectomy: A Large European Single-centre Cohort with Median 10-Year Follow-up.

Background: Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) for prostate cancer (PCa) treatment has been widely adopted with limited evidence for long-term (>5 yr) oncologic efficacy.

Objective: To evaluate long-term oncologic outcomes following RARP.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Prospective cohort study of 885 patients who underwent RARP as monotherapy for PCa between 2002 and 2006 in a single European centre and followed up until 2016.

Turner Syndrome and Celiac Disease: A Case-Control Study.

Objective: Turner syndrome (TS) is the most common sex chromosome abnormality in females. Previous research has indicated a high prevalence of celiac disease (CD) in TS, but data have mostly been limited to case series at tertiary centers. We aimed to examine the risk for CD in individuals with TS compared with the general population.

A study on the fundamental mechanism and the evolutionary driving forces behind aerobic fermentation in yeast.

Baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae rapidly converts sugars to ethanol and carbon dioxide at both anaerobic and aerobic conditions. The later phenomenon is called Crabtree effect and has been described in two forms, long-term and short-term effect. We have previously studied under fully controlled aerobic conditions forty yeast species for their central carbon metabolism and the presence of long-term Crabtree effect.

Analysis of the yeast short-term Crabtree effect and its origin.

The short-term Crabtree effect is defined as the immediate occurrence of aerobic alcoholic fermentation in response to provision of a pulse of excess sugar to sugar-limited yeast cultures. Here we have characterized ten yeast species with a clearly defined phylogenetic relationship. Yeast species were cultivated under glucose-limited conditions, and we studied their general carbon metabolism in response to a glucose pulse.

Yeast "make-accumulate-consume" life strategy evolved as a multi-step process that predates the whole genome duplication.

When fruits ripen, microbial communities start a fierce competition for the freely available fruit sugars. Three yeast lineages, including baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, have independently developed the metabolic activity to convert simple sugars into ethanol even under fully aerobic conditions. This fermentation capacity, named Crabtree effect, reduces the cell-biomass production but provides in nature a tool to out-compete other microorganisms.

Morbidity and mortality after childbirth in women with Turner karyotype.

Study Question: Do women with Turner karyotype have increased mortality and morbidity in the years after childbirth?

Summary Answer: No mortality occurred during pregnancy and follow-up in women with Turner karyotype, but a higher rate of circulatory and endocrine diseases and a high risk of aortic aneurysm were confirmed.

What Is Known Already: Pregnancies in women with Turner karyotype are high-risk pregnancies with an increased risk of maternal mortality from aortic dissection and morbidity from hypertensive disorders.

Study Design, Size, Duration: A retrospective Swedish population-based registry study of 124 women with Turner karyotype born between 1957 and 1987 and who gave birth between 1973 and 2010.

Obstetric and neonatal outcome after oocyte donation in 106 women with Turner syndrome: a Nordic cohort study.

Study Question: What are the obstetric and neonatal outcomes of deliveries after oocyte donation (OD) in women with Turner syndrome (TS)?

Summary Answer: Pregnancies among women with TS carry a substantial risk, particularly for hypertensive disorders. Potentially life-threatening complications occurred in 3.3% of pregnancies.

Liquid alloy printing of microfluidic stretchable electronics.

Recently, microfluidic stretchable electronics has attracted great interest from academia since conductive liquids allow for larger cross-sections when stretched and hence low resistance at longer lengths. However, as a serial process it has suffered from low throughput, and a parallel processing technology is needed for more complex systems and production at low costs. In this work, we demonstrate such a technology to implement microfluidic electronics by stencil printing of a liquid alloy onto a semi-cured polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate, assembly of rigid active components, encapsulation by pouring uncured PDMS on-top and subsequent curing.

"This is not an apple"-yeast mutualism in codling moth.

The larva of codling moth Cydia pomonella (Tortricidae, Lepidoptera) is known as the worm in the apple, mining the fruit for food. We here show that codling moth larvae are closely associated with yeasts of the genus Metschnikowia. Yeast is an essential part of the larval diet and further promotes larval survival by reducing the incidence of fungal infestations in the apple.

Obstetric outcomes in women with Turner karyotype.

Context: Women with Turner syndrome (TS) have high risk of cardiovascular complications and hypertensive disorders. Few studies have analyzed obstetric outcome in women with TS.

Objective: This study compared obstetric outcome in women with TS karyotype with women in the general population.

Candida albicans--a pre-whole genome duplication yeast--is predominantly aerobic and a poor ethanol producer.

Yeast species belonging to the lineage that underwent the whole genome duplication (WGD), and including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, can grow under anaerobiosis and accumulate ethanol in the presence of glucose and oxygen. The pre-WGD yeasts, which branched from the S. cerevisiae lineage just before the WGD event, including Kluyveromyces lactis, are more dependent on oxygen and do not accumulate large amounts of ethanol in the presence of excess oxygen.

Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography in diagnosis of pelvic vein thrombosis during pregnancy.

Introduction: Pelvic deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is difficult to diagnose during pregnancy. In a two-center trial, we evaluated the agreement between ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosing the extent of DVT into the pelvic veins during pregnancy.

Materials And Methods: Pregnant women with proximal DVT were examined both with ultrasound and MRI as part of a study designed for treatment of DVT during pregnancy.

Antibodies against deamidated gliadin peptides identify adult coeliac disease patients negative for antibodies against endomysium and tissue transglutaminase.

Background: This study was done to evaluate the diagnostic utility of antibodies against deamidated gliadin peptides compared to traditional markers for coeliac disease.

Aim: To evaluate diagnostic utility of antibodies against deamidated gliadin peptide (DGP).

Methods: Sera from 176 adults, referred for endoscopy without previous analysis of antibodies against tissue transglutaminase (tTG) or endomysium (EmA), were retrospectively analysed by ELISAs detecting IgA/IgG antibodies against DGP or a mixture of DGP and tTG, and compared with IgA-tTG and EmA.

Women who gave birth to girls with Turner syndrome: maternal and neonatal characteristics.

Background: The aim was to identify maternal risk factors in women giving birth to girls with Turner syndrome (TS) and to describe the characteristics of newborns with TS.

Methods: The Swedish Genetic Turner Register was cross-linked with the Swedish Medical Birth Register. Between 1973 and 2005, 494 children with TS were born.

Particle dynamics in polymer-metal nanocomposite thin films on nanometer-length scales.

X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy was used in conjunction with resonance-enhanced grazing-incidence small-angle x-ray scattering to probe slow particle dynamics and kinetics in gold/polystyrene nanocomposite thin films. Such enhanced coherent scattering enables, for the first time, measurement of the particle dynamics at wave vectors up to approximately 1 nm(-1) (or a few nanometers spatially) in a disordered system, well in the regime where entanglement, confinement, and particle interaction dominate the dynamics and kinetics. Measurements of the intermediate structure factor f(q,t) indicate that the particle dynamics differ from Stokes-Einstein Brownian motion and are explained in terms of viscoelastic effects and interparticle interactions.