Rationale of lymph node dissection for breast cancer--from the viewpoint of analysis of axillary lymphatic flow using activated carbon particle CH40.

In order to rationalize lymph node dissection for breast cancer, we reviewed regional lymphatic flow from the mesial and outer half of the breast using intra-tumoral injection of activated carbon particles (CH40). Seventy patients with breast cancer were included in this study. Cancers were located in the mesial half of the breast in 25 cases and in its outer half in 41 cases.

Clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer in the elderly.

The clinicopathological features of 380 elderly patients 70 years of age or older with gastric cancer were reviewed retrospectively from hospital records between 1969 and 1993. They were then compared with 1134 middle-aged patients between 40 and 69 years. The elderly constituted 18.

Inhibitory effects of phenolic compounds on development of naturally occurring preneoplastic hepatocytic foci in long-term feeding studies using male F344 rats.

Five phenolic compounds, namely caffeic acid, sesamol, hydroquinone, catechol, and 4-methoxyphenol, were fed to groups of 30 male F344 rats at dietary levels of 2, 2, 0.3, 0.8, and 2%, respectively, for 2 years.

Role of milky spots as selective implantation sites for malignant cells in peritoneal dissemination in mice.

We investigated the significance of milky spots for malignant cells in peritoneal dissemination using three mouse carcinomatous peritonitis models. P388 leukemia and Colon 26 cancer cells were labeled with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and mice were inoculated intraperitoneally. After 24 h the greater omentum and the mesenterium were removed and stained immunohistochemically with anti-BrdU antibody.

Genetic basis of the neurovirulence of type 1 polioviruses isolated from vaccine-associated paralytic patients.

We examined four type 1 polioviruses isolated from the stools of patients with vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis in China. All of these isolates were shown to be Sabin derived viruses by restriction fragment length polymorphism assay after polymerase chain reaction and by sequencing of the viral genome encoding the viral coat protein, VP1. However, the same analysis of the 3D coding region suggested that two of the four isolates had the sequence of wild type poliovirus in the tested region.

Lack of carcinogenicity of pesticide mixtures administered in the diet at acceptable daily intake (ADI) dose levels in rats.

Carcinogenic effects of pesticide mixtures were examined with our medium-term carcinogenesis protocols using male F344 rats. In the 8-week liver model, combined dietary administration of 20 pesticides (19 organophosphorus compounds and 1 organochlorine), each at acceptable daily intake (ADI) levels, did not enhance rat liver preneoplastic lesion development initiated by diethylnitrosamine. In contrast, a mixture of 100 times ADI significantly increased the number and area of liver lesions.

Chemoprevention by dehydroepiandrosterone and indomethacin in a rat multiorgan carcinogenesis model.

The chemopreventive efficacy of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and indomethacin (IM) alone or in combination was investigated in a rat multiorgan carcinogenesis model. These two chemicals were selected as chemopreventive agents with different functions. Animals were sequentially given five carcinogens with different organ target sites in the first 4-week initiation period.

Total gastrectomy for early gastric cancer.

A total gastrectomy was performed in 49 patients with early gastric cancer, and the effectiveness of this procedure was evaluated by reviewing the hospital files of the patients. The reasons for this total gastrectomy were as follows: (1) lymph node dissection for 22 patients, (2) surgeon's choice in reconstruction for 10 patients, (3) modification of the surgery from subtotal to total gastrectomy for seven patients, (4) synchronous multiple cancers for seven patients, and (5) cancer in a stomach remnant for three patients. Of 49 patients, 42 had the cancerous lesions in the upper portion of their stomachs.

[Two cases of sensory neural hearing loss as a manifestation of HIV infection].

In patients with HIV infection, oral and pharyngeal pathology frequently occurs, but there have been no reports on cases of deafness in Japan. Herein, the authors report two cases of sensory neural hearing loss in hemophilia A patients infected with HIV through factor VIII concentrates. Case 1 was a 16-year-old male with hemophilia A.

[Development of 5-fluorouracil incorporated in microspheres for peritoneal carcinomatosis--animal experiments].

A new dosage formulation (5-FU-MS), composed of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) incorporated in polyglactin microspheres, was studied by animal experiments, which revealed the following results. Intraperitoneal 5-FU-MS delivered greater concentrations of 5-FU for longer periods selectively to the intraperitoneal tissues, whereas it delivered a lower concentration to the blood plasma, than 5-FU solution did in rats. In mice, the 50% lethal dose value of intraperitoneal 5-FU-MS was 535 mg/kg.

[Trial of a treatment for lymph node metastases in patients with breast cancer using aclarubicin bound to activated carbon particles].

A new dosage formulation (ACR-CH), composed of aclarubicin (ACR) bound to fine activated carbon particles, was developed for the treatment of lymph node metastases in patients with breast cancer. In a mice experimental model, ACR-CH had superior therapeutic effects on lymph node metastases compared to the same dose of ACR aqueous solution. In clinical trials, patients with breast cancer received a local injection of 10 mg/person of ACR in the form of ACR-CH or ACR aqueous solution just before mastectomy.

[Endoscopic injection of methotrexate bound to activated carbon particles in the treatment of gastric cancer].

A new dosage formulation (MTX-CH), composed of fine activated carbon particles absorbing methotrexate (MTX), distributes concentrated MTX for long periods of time to the regional lymph nodes as well as to the injection site, in animal experiments. MTX-CH would enhance the therapeutic effects not only on the primary lesion but also on the lymphatic metastasis. As clinical trials, (A) in five patients with early gastric cancer, MTX-CH at 50 to 200 mg/person of MTX was injected endoscopically in and around the primary lesion before operation.

[Clinico-pathological studies on three preoperative combined treatments for rectal cancer].

To prevent postoperative local recurrence of rectal cancer, we treated patients using preoperative hyperthermia (5-6 times), irradiation (total 30 Gy) and 5-fluorouracil suppository (2,000-2,500 mg). The subjects were 31 patients given combined treatments and 28 patients given surgery alone. The results were as follows: 1.

[Therapy of carcinomatous peritonitis by the angiogenesis inhibitor TNP-470 in mice: analysis of timing and doses for intraperitoneal administration].

In order to perform therapy for carcinomatous peritonitis by a new angiogenesis inhibitor, TNP-470, we investigated the effective timing and the optimal doses for intraperitoneal administration using two mice models. In both carcinomatous peritonitis models caused by M 5076 tumor and B 16 melanoma, the early administration of TNP-470 within one week after tumor inoculation extended the survival times of the mice receiving the drugs, whereas the administration of TNP-470 one week or later after inoculation did not affect the survival time. However, there were significant differences in the effective therapeutic doses of TNP-470 between the two models.

Inhibitory effect of chlorophyllin on PhIP-induced mammary carcinogenesis in female F344 rats.

Chlorophyll and chlorophyllin, a water-soluble salt of chlorophyll, have been reported to inhibit carcinogen-DNA binding and exert antimutagenic activity for some carcinogenic heterocyclic amines and aflatoxins. In the present experiment, the possible inhibitory effects of chlorophyllin on 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b] pyridine (PhIP) carcinogenicity were investigated. Female F344 rats were administered both PhIP, 0.

Inhibition of colon cancer cell proliferation by antisense oligonucleotides targeting the messenger RNA of the Ki-ras gene.

Point mutations that activate the Ki-ras proto-oncogene are present in approximately 50% of human colorectal tumors and the activated Ki-ras gene is considered to play an important role in colorectal cancer cell proliferation. Five different colon cancer cell lines and two kinds of control cell lines were treated with antisense oligonucleotides complementary to the messenger RNA of Ki-ras. Treatment with antisense oligonucleotides at concentrations between 10 and 40 microM significantly and dose-dependently inhibited cell growth, colony formation and Ki-ras protein production of the colon cancer cells with activated Ki-ras, but did not affect the normal cells and colon cancer cells without Ki-ras mutation.

Prophylaxis and treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis: intraperitoneal chemotherapy with mitomycin C bound to activated carbon particles.

A novel method of prophylaxis and treatment for peritoneal carcinomatosis--mitomycin C bound to activated carbon particles (MMC-CH)--was tested in patients with advanced gastric cancer in a prospective randomized study. Activated carbon particles are taken up selectively by lymphatic tissues, which seem to be a primary site of peritoneal carcinomatosis in the peritoneal cavity, and adsorb a large amount of anticancer agent mitomycin C, which is subsequently released slowly and for a protracted period. A group of 113 patients who underwent radical resection for gastric cancer with definite serosal involvement were entered in this trial.

Site-specific effects of testosterone propionate on the prostate of rat pretreated with 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl: dose-dependent induction of invasive carcinomas.

It has been shown that testosterone propionate (TP) strongly promotes induction of invasive carcinomas in previously initiated accessory sex organs. In this study, in order to clarify the dose-dependence of this promotion, TP was given at 3 different levels (high, medium or low doses) using different sizes (2, 1 and 0.5 cm long) of Silastic tube for 40 weeks after administration of 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl to male F344 rats.

Therapeutic effects of the angiogenesis inhibitor TNP-470 against carcinomatous peritonitis in mice.

The therapeutic effects of the new anti-angiogenesis factor TNP-470 were examined against carcinomatous peritonitis in mice. In the first experiment using carcinomatous peritonitis caused by i.p.

Lack of carcinogenicity of monosodium L-glutamate in Fischer 344 rats.

Monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) was administered to groups of 50 male and 50 female Fischer 344 rats in the diet at levels of 0, 0.6, 1.25, 2.