Cluster effect through the oligomerisation of bioactive disaccharide AMOR on pollen tube capacitation in .

Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are plant-specific glycoproteins involved in cellular mechanics and signal transduction. There has been major progress in understanding the structure, synthesis, and molecular functions of their carbohydrate chains; however, the mechanisms by which they function as signalling molecules remain unclear. Here, methyl-glucuronosyl arabinogalactan (AMOR; Me-GlcA-β(1,6)-Gal), a disaccharide structure at the end of AGP carbohydrate chains, was oligomerised chemical synthesis.

Radicle Growth Regulation of Root Parasitic Plants by Auxin-related Compounds.

Root parasitic plants in the Orobanchaceae, such as Striga and Orobanche, cause significant damage to crop production. The germination step of these root parasitic plants is induced by host-root-derived strigolactones. After germination, the radicles elongate toward the host and invade the host root.

Discovery of a potent orally available pyrazolopyridone derivative as a novel selective bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET)-first bromodomain (BD1) inhibitor.

Clinical studies have shown that inhibitors of bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins, particularly BRD4, have antitumor activity and efficacy. The BET protein has two domains, BD1 and BD2, and we previously focused on BD1 and reported orally bioavailable BD1-selective inhibitors. In this study, we obtained a BD1 inhibitor, a more potent and highly selective pyrazolopyridone derivative 13a, and confirmed its in vivo efficacy.

Discovery of a potent, orally available furopyridine derivative as a novel selective bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET)-first bromodomain (BD1) inhibitor.

We explored novel immunosuppressive agents with immune tolerance using a phenotypic drug discovery strategy, focusing on costimulatory molecules in T cells, and obtained triazolothienodiazepine derivatives. Their mechanism of action is to inhibit the bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) family, as we have previously reported. Selective inhibition of the first bromodomain (BD1) of the BET family is expected to exert antitumor and immunosuppressive effects, similar to BET inhibitors.

Can displaced Anguilla marmorata return to their original habitat? Daily tracking study of their homing behavior.

Anguilla marmorata collected in the Odana River lower reaches were passive integrated transponder-tagged displaced and released into the upper river reaches (54 up-transported eels), and eels collected in the upper reaches were tagged and released downstream (52 down-transported eels). Their movements were detected once per day for 10 days using a portable radio-frequency identification (RFID) system. The homing rate of the down-transported eels was 38.

Benzoxaborole Catalyst Embedded with a Lewis Base: A Highly Active and Selective Catalyst for -1,2-diol Modification.

The regioselective modification of polyols allows rapid access to their derivatives, thereby accelerating the polyol-related biology and drug discovery. We previously reported that benzoxaborole is a potent catalyst for the regioselective modification of polyols containing a -1,2-diol structure. In this study, we developed a bifunctional benzoxaborole catalyst embedded with a Lewis base.

Discovery of a Plant 14-3-3 Inhibitor Possessing Isoform Selectivity and In Planta Activity.

Synthetic modulators of plant 14-3-3s are promising chemical tools both for understanding the 14-3-3-related signaling pathways and controlling plant physiology. Herein, we describe a novel small-molecule inhibitor for 14-3-3 proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana. The inhibitor was identified from unexpected products in a stock solution in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) of an in-house chemical library.

Migration Behavior of Silver Eels within their Tomini Bay Spawning Area.

The tropical Celebes eel, , has a short migration between its spawning and growth habitats. Its spawning areas were hypothesized to be in Tomini Bay and the Celebes Sea after collecting their small leptocephali. However, there is no information about the silver eel oceanic spawning migration behavior of .

Negative Effects of Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis on Bone Fusion after Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion.

Study Design: This study adopted a retrospective cohort study design.

Purpose: This study aimed to clarify the influence of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) on bone fusion after transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF).

Overview Of Literature: The negative effects of DISH on lumbar degenerative diseases have been reported, and DISH may be involved in the onset and severity of lumbar spinal canal stenosis.

Water-Dispersible Carbon Nano-Test Tubes as a Container for Concentrated DNA Molecules.

Invited for the cover of this issue are Takashi Kyotani, Tetsuji Itoh and co-workers at Tohoku University, Gunma University and AIST. The image depicts the synthesis of water-dispersible carbon nano-test tubes by using a template technique and the selective adsorption of DNA into the inner space of these test tubes. Read the full text of the article at 10.

Successful neurolytic thoracic sympathetic ganglion block using C-arm fluoroscopic cone-beam computed tomography in patients with postmastectomy pain syndrome: a report of 3 cases.

Background: Postmastectomy pain syndrome involves persistent neuropathic and sympathetically maintained neuropathic pain that can be improved using a thoracic sympathetic ganglion block. However, conventional fluoroscopic procedures pose technical difficulties and are associated with potential severe complications. We report the use of C-arm fluoroscopic cone-beam computed tomography to enhance procedural success and treatment safety.

A Small Compound, HYGIC, Promotes Hypocotyl Growth Through Ectopic Ethylene Response.

Plant seedlings adjust the growth of the hypocotyl in response to surrounding environmental changes. Genetic studies have revealed key players and pathways in hypocotyl growth, such as phytohormones and light signaling. However, because of genetic redundancy in the genome, it is expected that not-yet-revealed mechanisms can be elucidated through approaches different from genetic ones.

Water-Dispersible Carbon Nano-Test Tubes as a Container for Concentrated DNA Molecules.

Water-dispersible carbon nano-test tubes (CNTTs) with an inner and outer diameter of about 25 and 35 nm, respectively, were prepared by the template technique and then their inner carbon surface was selectively oxidized to introduce carboxy groups. The adsorption behavior of DNA molecules on the oxidized CNTTs (Ox-CNTTs) was examined in the presence of Ca cations. Many DNA molecules are attracted to the inner space of Ox-CNTTs based on the Ca -mediated electrostatic interaction between DNA phosphate groups and carboxylate anions on the inner carbon surface.

Identification of a pluripotency-inducing small compound, PLU, that induces callus formation Heat Shock Protein 90-mediated activation of auxin signaling.

Plants retain the ability to generate a pluripotent tissue called callus by dedifferentiating somatic cells. A pluripotent callus can also be artificially induced by culturing explants with hormone mixtures of auxin and cytokinin, and an entire body can then be regenerated from the callus. Here we identified a pluripotency-inducing small compound, PLU, that induces the formation of callus with tissue regeneration potency without the external application of either auxin or cytokinin.

Successful annuloplasty using the cone-beam computed tomography-assisted radiofrequency thermocoagulation system in a patient with severe vertebral deformity: a case report.

Background: Complex anatomical features are challenging for minimally invasive intradiscal therapy owing to insufficient visualization for accurate needle advancement. We report the case of a patient with dysraphic vertebral pathologies who presented with L5/S1 degeneration and was successfully treated with annuloplasty using the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-assisted radiofrequency thermocoagulation system.

Case Presentation: A 34-year-old woman presented with a lower back and left radicular pain of L5/S1 discogenic origin, accompanied by spina bifida occulta and lumbosacral transitional vertebra.

Morphological and gonadal histological characteristics of the silver-phase male Indo-Pacific eel Anguilla marmorata.

Eight silver-phase male Indo-Pacific eels (giant mottled eels) Anguilla marmorata were collected from three small rivers on subtropical Amami-Oshima Island, Japan, and their morphological and gonadal-histological characteristics were examined. The total length, body mass and age of the silver eels were 543.8 ± 49.

Morphological and Molecular Gonadal Sex Differentiation in the Wild Japanese eel .

Most cultured Japanese eels () show male sex differentiation; however, natural gonadal sex differentiation has not been evaluated. In this study, this process was characterized in wild eels. Differentiated ovaries and testes were observed after the eels grew to 320 and 300 mm in total length, respectively.

Genomic signatures for latitudinal selection in the tropical eel Anguilla marmorata.

Selection acting across environmental gradients, such as latitudes, can cause spatial structuring of genomic variants even within panmictic populations. In this study, we focused on the within-generation latitudinal selection between northernmost and southernmost individuals of the North Pacific population of a tropical eel Anguilla marmorata, which shares its northernmost distribution with a temperate eel Anguilla japonica. Whole-genome sequencing data indicated that the northernmost and southernmost individuals of A.

Recurrence of a congenital diaphragmatic hernia 57 years postoperatively: A case report and review of the literature.

Rationale: Postoperative recurrence of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) in adults is very rare. There is currently no precedent and no established treatment. We encountered a case of CDH which recurred 57 years, postoperatively.