Phylogenetic Aspects of Antibiotic Resistance and Biofilm Formation of Isolated from Clinical Samples.

Introduction: Biofilm production and drug resistance phenomenon play a critical role in infections. Several genes, including , , , and , are involved in the phenomenon. The aim of this study was to find the relationship between the mentioned genes and the sources of infections.

Immuno-reactivity evaluation of Mce-truncated subunit candidate vaccine against Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis challenge in the goat models.

Background: Detection of an appropriate antigen with high immunogenicity can be a big step in the production of an effective vaccine for control of Johne's disease (JD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Mce-truncated protein as a subunit vaccine candidate for the control of JD in experimentally challenged goats.

Materials And Methods: Six healthy goat kids were immunized with Mce-truncated protein, and two goats were kept as controls.

Application of Bayesian modeling for diagnostic assays of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in sheep and goats flocks.

Background: This study aimed to screen the sera of goats and sheep from flocks suspected of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infection by a newly standardized Mce-truncated ELISA (Mt-ELISA) kit for the detection of antibodies against MAP. Four diagnostic applied tests were evaluated including Indigenous plate-ELISA (IP-ELISA), Mt-ELISA, fecal Polymerase Chain Reaction (f-PCR) and fecal culture (FC).

Biotyping of isolates of isolated from human infections by RAPD and ERIC-PCR.

is a significant mortality factor due to nosocomial infections in humans. has been known with severe infections, high incidence, and multiple drug resistance. The present study aims to rapidly diagnose and biotype the isolates of isolated from human infections in Shiraz hospitals and health centers.

Lateral Flow Genochromatographic Strip for Naked-Eye Detection of PCR Products with Gold Nanoparticles as a Reporter.

Background: (MTB) is a pathogen causing tuberculosis (TB) in human, and TB can cause enormous social and economic disruptions. Lateral flow test strips (LFTSs) are inexpensive, portable, disposable, rapid, and easy-to-use analytical tools.

Objective: LFTSs were prepared for the detection of MTB.

Novel recombinant Mce-truncated protein based ELISA for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in domestic livestock.

Johne's disease (JD) is an infectious wasting condition of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in domestic livestock of every country that has been investigated. Controlling JD is problematic due to the lack of sensitive, specific, efficient, and cost-effective diagnostic tests.

Molecular typing of from different sources by RAPD-PCR analysis.

is an opportunistic bacterium which is carried as a normal flora organism but has a major role in the epidemiology and pathogenesis of different staphylococcal infections in humans and animals. Fifty isolated from banknotes, foods, human infections and bovine mastitis were subjected to DNA fingerprinting by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis to examine their genotypic polymorphism and investigate the amount of genetic relatedness among these various isolates. At 100% RAPD profile similarity level, isolates were classified into four, five and seven groups of the same clone, according to the RAPDPCR with OLP6, OLP11 and OLP13 primers, respectively.

Recombinant fusion protein of Heparin-Binding Hemagglutinin Adhesin and Fibronectin Attachment Protein (rHBHA-FAP) of subsp. elicits a strong gamma interferon response in peripheral blood mononuclear cell culture.

Background: subsp. (MAP) is a causative agent of Johne's disease in all ruminants worldwide. Economic problems in dairy cattle and sheep industries, public health concern, persistence of MAP in the environment and lack of effective vaccines mentioned necessity of research about various antigens to introduce as vaccine candidates.

Mammalian cell entry operons; novel and major subset candidates for diagnostics with special reference to subspecies infection.

Mammalian cell entry () genes are the components of the operon and play a vital role in the entry of Mycobacteria into the mammalian cell and their survival within phagocytes and epithelial cells. operons are present in the DNA of Mycobacteria and translate proteins associated with the invasion and long-term existence of these pathogens in macrophages. The exact mechanism of action of genes and their functions are not clear yet.

Control of paratuberculosis: who, why and how. A review of 48 countries.

Paratuberculosis, a chronic disease affecting ruminant livestock, is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). It has direct and indirect economic costs, impacts animal welfare and arouses public health concerns.

A Novel Approach to Deliver a Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Antigen in Eukaryotic Cells.

This study was aimed to express and deliver a Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis antigen to macrophages using salmonella as carrier. The coding sequence of a fibronectin attachment protein which is expressed by Mycobacterium avium subsp.

Cloning and characterization of gene, a mammalian cell entry antigen of subspecies .

The aim of this study is to identify, clone and express a subsp. specific immunogenic antigen candidate, in order to develop better reagents for diagnosis and vaccines for the protection of the host. Therefore, gene (a member of MAP5 operon) from MAP, was isolated and characterized by Bioinformatics tools and experiments.

Effectiveness of an inactivated paratuberculosis vaccine in Iranian sheep flocks using the subsp 316F strain.

Background And Objectives: Paratuberculosis (PTb) (John's disease) is an incurable chronic intestinal infection that mainly affects ruminants. PTb is caused by subspecies (MAP) with a global distribution. Despite evidences on MAP contribution in Crohn's disease its causal role is still a matter of controversy.

Identification of N-acyl homoserine lactone-degrading bacteria isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

Aims: A variety of pathogens use quorum sensing (QS) to control the expression of their virulence factors. QS interference has hence been proposed as a promising antivirulence strategy. The specific aim of this study was to isolate bacteria from trout tissue able to degrade N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHL), a QS molecule family.

Epidemiology and molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus from skin and soft tissue infections in Shiraz, Iran.

Background/aim: Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are increasing in some regions of Iran. The aim of the current study was to assess the epidemiology and molecular characteristics of S. aureus isolated from patients with skin infections in Shiraz, Iran.

Genotyping analysis of bovine, ovine, and caprine paratuberculosis in Iran: An IS900-RFLP study.

Objective/background: Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) has been reported in Iranian cattle since 1965. Little is known on the population genetics of MAP in this Middle-Eastern State. A principle scope of this study was therefore genetic characterization of MAP isolates collected from farm animals in Iran.

Pathological, bacteriological, and molecular characteristics of natural outbreaks of Johne's disease in goats of Fars Province, Iran.

Objective/background: Johne's disease, also called paratuberculosis, is a very important chronic infectious disease of ruminants worldwide. The causative agent is an acid-fast bacterium, Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP). Finding a precise method for detecting MAP is essential for the control and eradication of this disease in small ruminant herds.

Detection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in two different camel species by conventional and molecular techniques.

Paratuberculosis (John's disease) is infectious and chronically progressive granulomatous disease which affects domestic and wild ruminants. The causative agent is Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP), a slow growing mycobactin dependent acid-fast bacillus. We investigated the detection and frequency of MAP in apparently healthy dromedary and Bactrian camels by insertion sequence 900 (IS900) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and acid fast staining of fecal samples in Iran.

Development of a multiplex PCR for the identification of major pathogenic bacteria of post-partum endometritis in dairy cows.

Post-partum period has an important role in cows' breeding due to its effects on reproductive efficiency and subsequent pregnancy. Escherichia coli, Trueperella pyogenes (Arcanobacterium pyogenes), Fusobacterium necrophorum and Prevotella melaninogenicus are recognized as major pathogens associated with uterine endometrial lesions. The objective of this study was to identify these pathogens using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as a culture-independent sensitive method.

Acute phase response in lame cattle with interdigital dermatitis.

This study was undertaken to evaluate acute phase response via assessing the concentration of serum sialic acids (total, lipid-bound and protein-bound), inflammatory mediators (IFN-γ and TNF-α) and acute phase proteins [haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA)] in lame cattle with interdigital dermatitis. Fifteen hoof scrapings from lame cows were collected from eight commercial dairy farms. As a consequence of the difficulty in culturing and isolation, a PCR technique was used to detect the organism.

Association of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection with milk production and calving interval in Iranian Holsteins.

There are inconsistent results for the association of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) infection with production and reproduction in dairy cows. Determination of these associations in each region is essential to encourage participation of dairy cattle producers in disease control programs. This study was conducted in Shiraz, southern Iran, to quantify the association of subclinical MAP infection with 305-day milk production and calving interval in Iranian Holsteins.

Risk factors for Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in Fars province (Southern Iran) dairy herds.

A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to August 2006 in dairy herds in Fars province, southern Iran to determine the herd-level risk factors for infection with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). Statistical analysis using multivariable logistic regression showed that contamination of udders of periparturient cows with manure (OR = 6.4, P = 0.

Herd-level prevalence of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis by bulk-tank milk PCR in Fars province (southern Iran) dairy herds.

A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to August 2006 in dairy herds in Fars province, southern Iran to determine the herd-level prevalence of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) infection. Bulk-tank milk samples were collected from 110 dairy herds in the 3 districts (Shiraz, Marvdasht and Sepidan) of the province. Among study populations, 12 herds (11%, 95%CI: 5-17%) were positive for MAP infection based on IS900 nested PCR.