Stereo-Differentiating Asymmetric Rh(I)-Catalyzed Pauson-Khand Reaction: A DFT-Informed Approach to Thapsigargin Stereoisomers.

We report a stereo-differentiating dynamic kinetic asymmetric Rh(I)-catalyzed Pauson-Khand reaction, which provides access to an array of thapsigargin stereoisomers. Using catalyst-control, a consistent stereochemical outcome is achieved at C2─for both matched and mismatched cases─regardless of the allene-yne C8 stereochemistry. The stereochemical configuration for all stereoisomers was assigned by comparing experimental vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) and C NMR to DFT-computed spectra.

Is Lactococcus lactis a Suitable Candidate for Use as a Vaccine Delivery System Against Helicobacter pylori?

Helicobacter pylori was described in 1979. This bacterium, which thrives in the harsh conditions of the stomach, is typically acquired during childhood and can remain colonized for life. Approximately, 90% of the global population is affected, and H.

Sexual health counseling improves the sexual satisfaction of breast cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: Breast cancer and its treatments can cause sexual problems both physically and psychologically by the changes it brings. This study aimed to investigate the effect of sexual health counseling based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on the sexual satisfaction of women with chemotherapy-induced menopause (CIM) in breast cancer survivors.

Methods: Seventy women with CIM were randomly divided into two intervention (N = 34) and control (N = 36) groups.

Impaired Intracellular Calcium Buffering Contributes to the Arrhythmogenic Substrate in Atrial Myocytes From Patients With Atrial Fibrillation.

Background: Alterations in the buffering of intracellular Ca, for which myofilament proteins play a key role, have been shown to promote cardiac arrhythmia. It is interesting that although studies report atrial myofibrillar degradation in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (persAF), the intracellular Ca buffering profile in persAF remains obscure. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the intracellular buffering of Ca and its potential arrhythmogenic role in persAF.

Association of Blast Exposure in Military Breaching with Intestinal Permeability Blood Biomarkers Associated with Leaky Gut.

Injuries and subclinical effects from exposure to blasts are of significant concern in military operational settings, including tactical training, and are associated with self-reported concussion-like symptomology and physiological changes such as increased intestinal permeability (IP), which was investigated in this study. Time-series gene expression and IP biomarker data were generated from "breachers" exposed to controlled, low-level explosive blast during training. Samples from 30 male participants at pre-, post-, and follow-up blast exposure the next day were assayed via RNA-seq and ELISA.

Self-supervised learning for medical image analysis: Discriminative, restorative, or adversarial?

Discriminative, restorative, and adversarial learning have proven beneficial for self-supervised learning schemes in computer vision and medical imaging. Existing efforts, however, fail to capitalize on the potentially synergistic effects these methods may offer in a ternary setup, which, we envision can significantly benefit deep semantic representation learning. Towards this end, we developed DiRA, the first framework that unites discriminative, restorative, and adversarial learning in a unified manner to collaboratively glean complementary visual information from unlabeled medical images for fine-grained semantic representation learning.

Study protocol: Identifying transcriptional regulatory alterations of chronic effects of blast and disturbed sleep in United States Veterans.

Injury related to blast exposure dramatically rose during post-911 era military conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is among the most common injuries following blast, an exposure that may not result in a definitive physiologic marker (e.g.

A cross-sectional study of correlations among blood-based biomarkers for intestinal permeability: A pilot study of United States veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms.

While many studies of intestinal permeability (IP) are focused on those with gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, there is a rising trend to analyze IP among individuals with mental health conditions including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with and without diagnosed GI conditions. This interest stems from the association between gut dysbiosis and chronic inflammation, which are mechanisms linked to stress-related somatic and mental health conditions. Efforts to date have resulted in the exploration of non-invasive and feasible measures to identify an IP biomarker that could also serve as a treatment target.

Atrial fibrillation-associated electrical remodelling in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived atrial cardiomyocytes: a novel pathway for antiarrhythmic therapy development.

Aims: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with tachycardia-induced cellular electrophysiology alterations which promote AF chronification and treatment resistance. Development of novel antiarrhythmic therapies is hampered by the absence of scalable experimental human models that reflect AF-associated electrical remodelling. Therefore, we aimed to assess if AF-associated remodelling of cellular electrophysiology can be simulated in human atrial-like cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells in the presence of retinoic acid (iPSC-aCM), and atrial-engineered human myocardium (aEHM) under short term (24 h) and chronic (7 days) tachypacing (TP).

Evasive actions to prevent pedestrian collisions in varying space/time contexts in diverse urban and non-urban areas.

This study aims to identify driver-safe evasive actions associated with pedestrian crash risk in diverse urban and non-urban areas. The research focuses on the integration of quantitative methods and granular naturalistic data to examine the impacts of different driving contexts on transportation system performance, safety, and reliability. The data is derived from real-life driving encounters between pedestrians and drivers in various settings, including urban areas (UAs), suburban areas (SUAs), marked crossing areas (MCAs), and unmarked crossing areas (UMCAs).

How do driving behavior and attitudes toward road safety vary between developed and developing countries? Evidence from Iran and the Netherlands.

Introduction: The rates of road traffic injuries and fatalities in developing countries are significantly higher than in developed countries. This study examines the differences in driving behavior, road safety attitudes, and driving habits between a developed country (the Netherlands) and a developing country (Iran), which bear major differences in terms of crash involvement per population.

Method: In this context, this study assesses the statistical association of crash involvement with errors, lapses, aggressive driving incidents, and non-compliance with traffic rules, attitudes, and habits.

Preparation of Hydrogel Composites Using a Sustainable Approach for In Situ Silver Nanoparticles Formation.

The recognized antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) characterize them as attractive nanomaterials for developing new bioactive materials less prone to the development of antibiotic resistance. In this work, we developed new composites based on self-assembling Fmoc-Phe3 peptide hydrogels impregnated with in situ prepared AgNPs. Different methodologies, from traditional to innovative and eco-sustainable, were compared.

Assessing sleep health dimensions in frontline registered nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: implications for psychological health and wellbeing.

The COVID-19 pandemic altered work environments of nurses, yielding high rates of stress and burnout. Potential protective factors, including effective sleep, may influence psychological health and wellbeing. Evidence about sleep in nurses may help develop interventions that mitigate burnout and poor psychological outcomes.

CAiD: Context-Aware Instance Discrimination for Self-supervised Learning in Medical Imaging.

Recently, self-supervised instance discrimination methods have achieved significant success in learning visual representations from unlabeled photographic images. However, given the differences between photographic and medical images, the efficacy of instance-based objectives, focusing on learning the most discriminative global features in the image (i.e.

POPAR: Patch Order Prediction and Appearance Recovery for Self-supervised Medical Image Analysis.

Vision transformer-based self-supervised learning (SSL) approaches have recently shown substantial success in learning visual representations from unannotated photographic images. However, their acceptance in medical imaging is still lukewarm, due to the significant discrepancy between medical and photographic images. Consequently, we propose POPAR (patch order prediction and appearance recovery), a novel vision transformer-based self-supervised learning framework for chest X-ray images.

Benchmarking and Boosting Transformers for Medical Image Classification.

Visual transformers have recently gained popularity in the computer vision community as they began to outrank convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in one representative visual benchmark after another. However, the competition between visual transformers and CNNs in medical imaging is rarely studied, leaving many important questions unanswered. As the first step, we benchmark how well existing transformer variants that use various (supervised and self-supervised) pre-training methods perform against CNNs on a variety of medical classification tasks.