Complete urethral disruption after motor vehicle crash without pelvic fracture.

Urethral injuries are rare among the pediatric population, and the majority occur after trauma. This is the case of an eight-year-old female with complete proximal urethral disruption and ruptured bladder neck without pelvic fracture after a motor vehicle crash. After the accident, her bladder neck was reapproximated and a suprapubic tube was placed.

LAMA: Lesion-Aware Mixup Augmentation for Skin Lesion Segmentation.

Deep learning can exceed dermatologists' diagnostic accuracy in experimental image environments. However, inaccurate segmentation of images with multiple skin lesions can be seen with current methods. Thus, information present in multiple-lesion images, available to specialists, is not retrievable by machine learning.

Hybrid Topological Data Analysis and Deep Learning for Basal Cell Carcinoma Diagnosis.

A critical clinical indicator for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the presence of telangiectasia (narrow, arborizing blood vessels) within the skin lesions. Many skin cancer imaging processes today exploit deep learning (DL) models for diagnosis, segmentation of features, and feature analysis. To extend automated diagnosis, recent computational intelligence research has also explored the field of Topological Data Analysis (TDA), a branch of mathematics that uses topology to extract meaningful information from highly complex data.

Basal Cell Carcinoma Diagnosis with Fusion of Deep Learning and Telangiectasia Features.

In recent years, deep learning (DL) has been used extensively and successfully to diagnose different cancers in dermoscopic images. However, most approaches lack clinical inputs supported by dermatologists that could aid in higher accuracy and explainability. To dermatologists, the presence of telangiectasia, or narrow blood vessels that typically appear serpiginous or arborizing, is a critical indicator of basal cell carcinoma (BCC).

Spinal versus general anesthesia: Comparing outcomes in pediatric patients undergoing urologic procedures.

Introduction: Available literature comparing spinal anesthesia (SA) to general anesthesia (GA) in the pediatric population describes multiple benefits in appropriately selected patients including cost reduction, lower incidence of complications, and shorter operative times. In patients undergoing urologic procedures, data are sparse.

Objective: Our goal was to expand on the paucity of existing urologic literature as SA appears to be uniquely suited for a substantial number of its common pediatric procedures.

Characterization of Schistosome Sox Genes and Identification of a Flatworm Class of Sox Regulators.

Schistosome helminths infect over 200 million people across 78 countries and are responsible for nearly 300,000 deaths annually. However, our understanding of basic genetic pathways crucial for schistosome development is limited. The sex determining region Y-box 2 (Sox2) protein is a Sox B type transcriptional activator that is expressed prior to blastulation in mammals and is necessary for embryogenesis.

SharpRazor: Automatic removal of hair and ruler marks from dermoscopy images.

Background: The removal of hair and ruler marks is critical in handcrafted image analysis of dermoscopic skin lesions. No other dermoscopic artifacts cause more problems in segmentation and structure detection.

Purpose: The aim of the work is to detect both white and black hair, artifacts and finally inpaint correctly the image.

Skin Lesion Segmentation in Dermoscopic Images with Noisy Data.

We propose a deep learning approach to segment the skin lesion in dermoscopic images. The proposed network architecture uses a pretrained EfficientNet model in the encoder and squeeze-and-excitation residual structures in the decoder. We applied this approach on the publicly available International Skin Imaging Collaboration (ISIC) 2017 Challenge skin lesion segmentation dataset.

Improving Automatic Melanoma Diagnosis Using Deep Learning-Based Segmentation of Irregular Networks.

Deep learning has achieved significant success in malignant melanoma diagnosis. These diagnostic models are undergoing a transition into clinical use. However, with melanoma diagnostic accuracy in the range of ninety percent, a significant minority of melanomas are missed by deep learning.

ChimeraNet: U-Net for Hair Detection in Dermoscopic Skin Lesion Images.

Hair and ruler mark structures in dermoscopic images are an obstacle preventing accurate image segmentation and detection of critical network features. Recognition and removal of hairs from images can be challenging, especially for hairs that are thin, overlapping, faded, or of similar color as skin or overlaid on a textured lesion. This paper proposes a novel deep learning (DL) technique to detect hair and ruler marks in skin lesion images.

Nerve stimulation guided bilateral pudendal nerve block versus landmark-based caudal block for hypospadias repair in young children: a prospective, randomized, pragmatic trial.

Introduction: Caudal block is frequently performed to provide analgesia for hypospadias repair. Literature suggests that pudendal block provides prolonged postoperative analgesia as compared with caudal block in children between 2 and 5 years. We compared the efficacy of pudendal and caudal blocks in children less than 2 years.

Concurrent Validity and Reliability of Representative Inner Speech Questionnaires.

Inner speech is frequently assessed using self-report scales, but their validity is understudied. Uttl et al. (2011) found moderate correlations, perhaps because measures tap into different dimensions of inner speech.

A deep learning approach to detect blood vessels in basal cell carcinoma.

Purpose: Blood vessels called telangiectasia are visible in skin lesions with the aid of dermoscopy. Telangiectasia are a pivotal identifying feature of basal cell carcinoma. These vessels appear thready, serpiginous, and may also appear arborizing, that is, wide vessels branch into successively thinner vessels.

Urologic Presentations and Management Options in Pediatric Mitochondrial Disease.

Objective: To review the evaluation and management of urologic pathology related to mitochondiral diseases (MD) in childhood.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed of patients with MD from 1/1/2000 - 10/8/2020 who were referred for urologic evaluation at a single pediatric hospital. Clinical and demographic information was reviewed including symptomatology, urodynamic evaluation, and medical/surgical management.

Optical Oxygen Sensor Patch Printed with Polystyrene Microparticles-based Ink on Flexible Substrate.

Optical oxygen sensors based on photoluminescence quenching have gained increasing attention as a superior method for continuous monitoring of oxygen in a growing number of applications. A simple and low-cost fabrication technique was developed to produce sensor arrays capable of two-dimensional oxygen tension measurement. Sensor patches were printed on polyvinylidene chloride film using an oxygen-sensitive ink cocktail, prepared by immobilizing Pt(II) mesotetra(pentafluorophenyl)porphine (PtTFPP) in monodispersed polystyrene microparticles.

Demonstration of ,-Dimethyldithiocarbamate as a Copper-Dependent Antibiotic against Multiple Upper Respiratory Tract Pathogens.

Transition metals are necessary cofactors and structural elements in living systems. Exposure to high concentrations of biologically important transition metals, such as zinc and copper, results in cell toxicity. At the infection site, the immune system deploys metal sorbent proteins (e.

Multiomic analysis of Schistosoma mansoni reveals unique expression profiles in cercarial heads and tails.

Schistosomes require both molluscan and mammalian hosts for development. The larval cercaria exits the snail host and swims to identify and invade the mammalian host. The cercaria has two macrostructures, the head and the tail.

EpithNet: Deep Regression for Epithelium Segmentation in Cervical Histology Images.

Background: Automated pathology techniques for detecting cervical cancer at the premalignant stage have advantages for women in areas with limited medical resources.

Methods: This article presents EpithNet, a deep learning approach for the critical step of automated epithelium segmentation in digitized cervical histology images. EpithNet employs three regression networks of varying dimensions of image input blocks (patches) surrounding a given pixel, with all blocks at a fixed resolution, using varying network depth.

Heads or tails? Differential translational regulation in cercarial heads and tails of schistosome worms.

Schistosomes are obligate helminths responsible for over 218 million cases of human schistosomiasis in 78 countries around the world. Infection occurs when free-swimming cercariae penetrate human skin and initiate developmental progression into parasitic obligate worms that consume red blood cells. Transcriptomic studies of infectious cercariae reveal abundant mRNAs associated with energy metabolism and host invasion.

Robot-assisted repair of a urogenital sinus with an anorectal malformation in a patient with McKusick-Kaufman syndrome.

Introduction: A urogenital sinus (US) and an anorectal malformation (ARM) are a rare constellation of anomalies, and the optimal surgical approach is unclear. Open and laparoscopic approaches have been described for US and ARM, but no data exist to support robotic assistance in children.

Case: A 20-month-old Amish female presented to the study center with fever and abdominal pain.

Automatic lesion border selection in dermoscopy images using morphology and color features.

Purpose: We present a classifier for automatically selecting a lesion border for dermoscopy skin lesion images, to aid in computer-aided diagnosis of melanoma. Variation in photographic technique of dermoscopy images makes segmentation of skin lesions a difficult problem. No single algorithm provides an acceptable lesion border to allow further processing of skin lesions.

Intermittent Urinary Incontinence Secondary to Inverted-Y Ureteral Duplication With Perianal Ectopia.

Inverted-Y ureteral duplication is one of the rarest anomalies of ureteral branching, which has been found to be more prevalent in females. Females commonly present with urinary incontinence often associated with distal limb ectopia to the bladder neck, uterus, or vagina. We present the case of a 7-year-old female with intermittent urinary incontinence who was found to have an inverted-Y ureteral duplication with perianal ectopia.

Cryptorchidism in Boys With Cerebral Palsy Is Associated With the Severity of Disease and With Co-Occurrence of Other Congenital Anomalies.

Background: Cryptorchidism is reported in 40-50% of small case series of cerebral palsy (CP) and attributed to hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis abnormalities, intellectual disability (ID), or cremaster spasticity. We collected demographic and clinical data to define the frequency of cryptorchidism and clinical comorbidities in a large CP population.

Methods: Electronic health record data were collected for all male patients ≥7 years of age seen in a large, multidisciplinary CP clinic between 2000 and 2016.