Fully neuromorphic vision and control for autonomous drone flight.

Biological sensing and processing is asynchronous and sparse, leading to low-latency and energy-efficient perception and action. In robotics, neuromorphic hardware for event-based vision and spiking neural networks promises to exhibit similar characteristics. However, robotic implementations have been limited to basic tasks with low-dimensional sensory inputs and motor actions because of the restricted network size in current embedded neuromorphic processors and the difficulties of training spiking neural networks.

Ex Situ Perfusion of Hearts Donated After Euthanasia: A Promising Contribution to Heart Transplantation.

Unlabelled: Organ donation after euthanasia is performed in an increasing number of countries. In this donation after circulatory death procedure, it has not been possible to donate the heart. Recent literature, however, reports positive results of heart donation after circulatory death.

Tonic immobility predicts poorer recovery from posttraumatic stress disorder.

Background: Tonic immobility (TI; a state of motor arrest during threat) and has been found to be associated with the development of psychopathology. It also hindered recovery from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after pharmacological treatment. The present study investigated the role of TI in recovery from PTSD in a large representative community sample with mixed traumas outside an exclusive treatment context.

DCD donor hemodynamics as predictor of outcome after kidney transplantation.

Insufficient hemodynamics during agonal phase-ie, the period between withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment and circulatory arrest-in Maastricht category III circulatory-death donors (DCD) potentially exacerbate ischemia/reperfusion injury. We included 409 Dutch adult recipients of DCD donor kidneys transplanted between 2006 and 2014. Peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2-with pulse oximetry at the fingertip) and systolic blood pressure (SBP-with arterial catheter) were measured during agonal phase, and were dichotomized into minutes of SpO2 > 60% or SpO2 < 60%, and minutes of SBP > 80 mmHg or SBP < 80 mmHg.

Risk of Pancreatic Cancer After a Primary Episode of Acute Pancreatitis.

Objective: Acute pancreatitis may be the first manifestation of pancreatic cancer. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of pancreatic cancer after a first episode of acute pancreatitis.

Methods: Between March 2004 and March 2007, all consecutive patients with a first episode of acute pancreatitis were prospectively registered.

Value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in diagnosing chronic Q fever in patients with central vascular disease.

Background: The aim of this study is to describe the value of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) in diagnosing chronic Q fever in patients with central vascular disease and the added value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the diagnostic combination strategy as described in the Dutch consensus guideline for diagnosing chronic Q fever.

Methods: 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed in patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm or aorto-iliac reconstruction and chronic Q fever, diagnosed by serology and positive PCR for Coxiella burnetii DNA in blood and/or tissue (PCR-positive study group). Patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm or aorto-iliac reconstruction without clinical and serological findings indicating Q fever infection served as a control group.

Organ Donation After Euthanasia: A Dutch Practical Manual.

Many physicians and patients do not realize that it is legally and medically possible to donate organs after euthanasia. The combination of euthanasia and organ donation is not a common practice, often limited by the patient's underlying pathology, but nevertheless has been performed >40 times in Belgium and the Netherlands since 2005. In anticipation of patients' requests for organ donation after euthanasia and contributing to awareness of the possibility of this combination among general practitioners and medical specialists, the Maastricht University Medical Center and the Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam have developed a multidisciplinary practical manual in which the organizational steps regarding this combined procedure are described and explained.

Risk of Recurrent Pancreatitis and Progression to Chronic Pancreatitis After a First Episode of Acute Pancreatitis.

Background & Aims: Patients with a first episode of acute pancreatitis can develop recurrent or chronic pancreatitis (CP). However, little is known about the incidence or risk factors for these events.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of 669 patients with a first episode of acute pancreatitis admitted to 15 Dutch hospitals from December 2003 through March 2007.

The latent class multitrait-multimethod model.

A latent class multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) model is proposed to estimate random and systematic measurement error in categorical survey questions while making fewer assumptions than have been made so far in such evaluations, allowing for possible extreme response behavior and other nonmonotone effects. The method is a combination of the MTMM research design of Campbell and Fiske (1959), the basic response model for survey questions of Saris and Andrews (1991), and the latent class factor model of Vermunt and Magidson (2004, pp. 227-230).

Additional postoperative cell salvage of shed mediastinal blood in cardiac surgery does not reduce allogeneic blood transfusions: a cohort study.

Objectives: Does additional postoperative collection and processing of mediastinal shed blood with a cell salvage device reduce the number of allogeneic blood transfusions compared to intraoperative cell salvage alone?

Methods: A single-centre cohort study in which adult patients with coronary artery bypass grafting or aortic valve replacement were allocated to either a C.A.T.

Vascular complications and surgical interventions after world's largest Q fever outbreak.

Objective: Since chronic Q fever often develops insidiously, and symptoms are not always recognized at an early stage, complications are often present at the time of diagnosis. We describe complications associated with vascular chronic Q fever as found in the largest cohort of chronic Q fever patients so far.

Methods: Patients with proven or probable chronic Q fever with a focus of infection in an aortic aneurysm or vascular graft were included in this study, using the Dutch national chronic Q fever database.

Dysregulation of serum gamma interferon levels in vascular chronic Q Fever patients provides insights into disease pathogenesis.

A large community outbreak of Q fever occurred in the Netherlands in the period 2007 to 2010. Some of the infected patients developed chronic Q fever, which typically includes pathogen dissemination to predisposed cardiovascular sites, with potentially fatal consequences. To identify the immune mechanisms responsible for ineffective clearance of Coxiella burnetii in patients who developed chronic Q fever, we compared serum concentrations of 47 inflammation-associated markers among patients with acute Q fever, vascular chronic Q fever, and past resolved Q fever.

Genetic Variation in Pattern Recognition Receptors and Adaptor Proteins Associated With Development of Chronic Q Fever.

Background: Q fever is an infection caused by Coxiella burnetii. Persistent infection (chronic Q fever) develops in 1%-5% of patients. We hypothesize that inefficient recognition of C.

Vascular chronic Q fever: quality of life.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of life in patients with vascular chronic Q fever at time of diagnosis and during follow-up. Based upon the SF-36 questionnaire, the mean physical and mental health of each patient were assessed at 3-month intervals for up to 18 months. A total of 26 patients were included in the study.

Effects of cell-saving devices and filters on transfusion in cardiac surgery: a multicenter randomized study.

Background: Cell-saving devices (CS) are frequently used in cardiac surgery to reduce transfusion requirements, but convincing evidence from randomized clinical trials is missing. Filtration of salvaged blood in combination with the CS is widely used to improve the quality of retransfused blood, but there are no data to justify this approach.

Methods: To determine the contribution of CS and filters on transfusion requirements, we performed a multicenter factorial randomized clinical trial in two academic and four nonacademic hospitals.

Histological characteristics of the abdominal aortic wall in patients with vascular chronic Q fever.

The aim of this study was to describe specific histological findings of the Coxiella burnetii-infected aneurysmal abdominal aortic wall. Tissue samples of the aneurysmal abdominal aortic wall from seven patients with chronic Q fever and 15 patients without evidence of Q fever infection were analysed and compared. Chronic Q fever was diagnosed using serology and tissue PCR analysis.

Estimated prevalence of chronic Q fever among Coxiella burnetii seropositive patients with an abdominal aortic/iliac aneurysm or aorto-iliac reconstruction after a large Dutch Q fever outbreak.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of Q fever and prevalence of chronic Q fever in patients with abdominal aortic and/or iliac disease after the Q fever outbreak of 2007-2010 in the Netherlands.

Methods: In November 2009, an ongoing screening program for Q fever was initiated. Patients with abdominal aortic and/or iliac disease were screened for presence of IgM and IgG antibodies to phase I and II antigens of Coxiella burnetii using immunofluorescence assay and presence of C.

Serological follow-up in patients with aorto-iliac disease and evidence of Q fever infection.

The aim of this study was to provide data on the risk of developing chronic Q fever in patients with aorto-iliac disease and evidence of previous Q fever infection. Patients with an aortic and/or iliac aneurysm or aorto-iliac reconstruction (aorto-iliac disease) and evidence of previous Q fever infection were included. The presence of phase I and II Coxiella burnetii IgG antibodies was assessed periodically using immunofluorescence assay.

Two cases with acute abdominal aneurysm and evidence of acute Q fever infection.

We report 2 patients with symptomatic aortic aneurysm and serologic evidence of acute Q fever with positive Coxiella burnetii PCR in blood/tissue. This suggests a role for acute Q fever in aneurysm progression. Diagnostic testing for Q fever infection in patients with symptomatic aneurysms in Q fever areas is recommended.

Screening for Coxiella burnetii seroprevalence in chronic Q fever high-risk groups reveals the magnitude of the Dutch Q fever outbreak.

The Netherlands experienced an unprecedented outbreak of Q fever between 2007 and 2010. The Jeroen Bosch Hospital (JBH) in 's-Hertogenbosch is located in the centre of the epidemic area. Based on Q fever screening programmes, seroprevalence of IgG phase II antibodies to Coxiella burnetii in the JBH catchment area was 10·7% [785 tested, 84 seropositive, 95% confidence interval (CI) 8·5-12·9].

Identification of risk factors for chronic Q fever, the Netherlands.

Since 2007, the Netherlands has experienced a large Q fever outbreak. To identify and quantify risk factors for development of chronic Q fever after Coxiella burnetii infection, we performed a case-control study. Comorbidity, cardiovascular risk factors, medications, and demographic characteristics from 105 patients with proven (n = 44), probable (n = 28), or possible (n = 33) chronic Q fever were compared with 201 patients who had acute Q fever in 2009 but in whom chronic Q fever did not develop (controls).

Timing of cholecystectomy after mild biliary pancreatitis.

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate recurrent biliary events as a consequence of delay in cholecystectomy following mild biliary pancreatitis.

Methods: Between 2004 and 2007, patients with acute pancreatitis were registered prospectively in 15 Dutch hospitals. Patients with mild biliary pancreatitis were candidates for cholecystectomy.

The multiple propensity score as control for bias in the comparison of more than two treatment arms: an introduction from a case study in mental health.

Background And Objective: The propensity score method (PS) has proven to be an effective tool to reduce bias in nonrandomized studies, especially when the number of (potential) confounders is large and dimensionality problems arise. The PS method introduced by Rosenbaum and Rubin is described in detail for studies with 2 treatment options. Since in clinical practice we are often interested in the comparison of multiple interventions, there was a need to extend the PS method to multiple treatments.

Leucocyte filtration of salvaged blood during cardiac surgery: effect on red blood cell function in concentrated blood compared with diluted blood.

Objective: Leucocyte filtration of salvaged blood has been suggested to prevent patients from receiving activated leucocytes during auto-transfusion in cardiac surgery. This study examines whether leucocyte filtration of salvaged blood affects the red blood cell (RBC) function and whether there is a difference between filtration of the concentrated and diluted blood on RBC function.

Methods: Forty patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass were randomly divided into a group receiving leucocyte filtration of concentrated blood (High-Hct, n=20) and another group receiving leucocyte filtration of the diluted blood (Low-Hct, n=20).