Effects of different us isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) on blood and bone marrow parameters of experimentally infected pigs.

Seventy five-week-old, crossbred, caesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived pigs were randomly divided into five groups of 14 pigs and assigned one of five treatments: the intranasal inoculation of 1 (5.7) TCID50 of one of four plaque-purified isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) (VR2385, VR2431, ISU-984 and ISU-22), or uninfected cell culture and media. Haematological variables were measured for 21 days and bone marrow was analysed when the pigs were killed three, seven, 10, 21 or 28 days after the inoculation.

Osteopenic disease in growing pigs: diagnostic methods using serum and urine calcium and phosphorus values, parathoromone assay, and bone analysis.

This research was performed to evaluate the utility of several serum and urine parameters as well as bone ash and plasma parathormone assay to diagnose and monitor diet-related osteopenia in growing pigs. Five diets were tested as follows: calcium-deficient, phosphorus-replete; moderate-deficiency of calcium and phosphorus; marked deficiency of calcium and phosphorus; calcium replete, phosphorus deficient; and vitamin D deficient. Parameters monitored included serum calcium and phosphorus as well as ratios of urine calcium to creatinine, phosphorus to creatinine, calcium to phosphorus, and percent fractional excretions of calcium and phosphorus.

Cytologic examination of exfoliative specimens obtained during endoscopy for diagnosis of gastrointestinal tract disease in dogs and cats.

Objective: To determine whether cytologic examination of exfoliative specimens obtained during endoscopy was as useful as histologic examination of mucosal biopsy specimens for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal tract disease in dogs and cats and to compare the diagnostic accuracy of 2 techniques (brush or touch) in preparing specimens for cytologic examination.

Design: Prospective case series.

Animals: 85 dogs and 23 cats.

Acute toxoplasmosis in a camel.

A 6-year-old camel was examined because of a history of dyspnea of unknown duration. Approximately 24 L of turbid fluid was drained from the pleural cavity. Numerous Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites were found in macrophages in smears of the pleural fluid.

The intravenous bile Acid loading test in the goat: determination of a procedural protocol and reference values.

An intravenous bile acid loading test was performed on 16 goats using various dosages and sampling protocols. A recently developed enzymatic bile acid assay provided an economical and technologically simple method for bile acid analysis. Intravenous injection of bile salts into goats was well tolerated.

Histopathologic findings in Brucella abortus-infected, pregnant goats.

Twenty-eight pregnant goats in midgestation were exposed to a bovine pathogenic strain of Brucella abortus to determine the histologic changes associated with infection. Does were necropsied 0 to 7 days or 4 to 6 weeks after delivery of aborted, stillborn, or live, full-term fetuses. Aborted and stillborn fetuses were necropsied within 16 hours of delivery.

Transcription from the pseudorabies virus genome during latent infection. Brief report.

Trigeminal ganglia from swine latently infected with pseudorabies virus (PRV) were examined for the presence of PRV nucleic acids by in situ hybridization. Both viral DNA and RNA were detectable in latently infected neurons, indicating that the PRV genome is transcriptionally active during the latent phase of infection.

Pathogenesis of ovine pseudorabies (Aujeszky's disease) following intratracheal inoculation.

Pseudorabies virus was inoculated intratracheally into sheep to investigate the pathogenesis of pseudorabies virus infection. Clinical signs of pyrexia, depression, frequent swallowing, facial fasciculations, chorea, excessive salivation, mild tympanites, labored breathing and focal pruritus were followed by death Macroscopic lesions were severe focal facial trauma, petechiae in cervicothoracic ganglia and dilated esophaguses. The medulla oblongata and the trigeminal, cranial cervical, cervicothoracic and parabronchial ganglia contained pseudorabies virus and pronounced nonsuppurative inflammatory changes.

Ultrastructure and stereology of leukocytes and platelets of normal foxes and a fox with a Chediak-Higashi-like syndrome.

Peripheral blood leukocytes and platelets from five normal foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and a fox with phenotypical characteristics of Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) were examined by electron microscopy. Lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and platelets from the affected fox contained giant membrane-bound granules that resembled lysosomes. In eosinophils and neutrophils from the affected fox and a normal fox, relative cell volume occupied by granules and number of granules per unit area were calculated.

A necrotizing pneumonia in lambs caused by pseudorabies virus (Aujesky's disease virus).

An outbreak of pseudorabies occurred in sheep housed with swine in the same building. Although the sheep and swine were not in physical contact, the lambs and ewes were exposed to air from the sows' section. Three dead lambs were submitted to the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory for necropsy.

Detection of bovine herpesvirus type 1 RNA in trigeminal ganglia of latently infected rabbits by in situ hybridization.

At times after conjunctival inoculation with bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1), representing the acute and latent phases of infection, rabbit trigeminal ganglia were examined for the presence of BHV-1 nucleic acids by in situ hybridization using a 3H-labelled BHV-1 DNA probe. During the acute phase of virus infection, both BHV-1 DNA and RNA were detected in ganglionic neurons and occasionally in adjacent satellite cells. However, during the latent phase of infection only viral RNA was detectable in involved neurons.

Identification of Brucella abortus in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of cows, goats, and mice with an avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex immunoenzymatic staining technique.

An avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex immunoenzymatic staining technique was evaluated for light microscopic detection of Brucella organisms in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. Tissues from cows, goats, and mice inoculated with B abortus strain 2308 were examined, using rabbit antiserum to Brucella cell surface protein as primary antibody. Stained organisms were identified histologically in tissue sections containing B abortus, as detected by bacteriologic examination of duplicate nonprocessed tissue samples.

Physical and clinical pathological findings associated with experimentally induced rupture of the equine urinary bladder.

Two mature horses were examined for changes in laboratory and physical findings after experimentally induced bladder rupture. The postrupture laboratory diagnostic changes, which provide valuable information for a correct diagnosis are described. Hematology, serum and peritoneal fluid sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorous, creatinine, urea nitrogen, albumin and peritoneal fluid components were measured and evaluated versus time.

Renal percent clearance ratios in cattle.

Renal percent clearance ratios for various electrolytes were determined on nine clinically normal Holstein heifers. Endogenous creatinine serum and urine levels were used to calculate the ratios. The average percent clearance ratios and standard deviations of Na, K, Cl, P, and Ca were 1.

Unilateral thyroid neoplasm in a cat.

An aged cat with a thyroid neoplasm showed clinical signs and had laboratory data and post mortem findings similar to those observed in human and canine patients afflicted with hyperthyroidism. Because of these similarities hyperthyroidism was suspected in the cat.

Studies on the pathogenesis of pseudorabies in domestic cats following oral inoculation.

Domestic cats were inoculated orally with an Iowa isolate of pseudorabies virus. Several cats were killed at intervals of one day and tissues were examined virologically and histologically to determine the initial sites of virus penetration and replication and to evaluate the pathways traveled by the virus from the mouth to the central nervous system. Lesions were consistent in the tonsils, along the pathways of the sensory branches of the ninth and tenth cranial nerves, the tractus and nucleus solitarius and the area postrema in the medulla.