Prevalence of lung cysts in adolescents and adults with a germline pathogenic/likely pathogenic variant: a report from the National Institutes of Health and International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma/ Registry.

Background: Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB), the hallmark tumour associated with -related tumour predisposition, is characterised by an age-related progression from a cystic lesion (type I) to a high-grade sarcoma with mixed cystic and solid features (type II) or purely solid lesion (type III). Not all cystic PPBs progress; type Ir (regressed), hypothesised to represent regressed or non-progressed type I PPB, is an air-filled, cystic lesion lacking a primitive sarcomatous component. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of non-progressed lung cysts detected by CT scan in adolescents and adults with germline pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants.

Assessing the role of positron emission tomography and bone scintigraphy in imaging of pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB): A report from the International PPB/DICER1 Registry.

Background: Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is the most common primary lung neoplasm of infancy and early childhood. Given the rarity of PPB, the role of positron emission tomography (PET) and bone scintigraphy (bone scans) in diagnostic evaluation and surveillance has not been documented to date. Available PET and bone scan data are presented in this study.

Outcomes for Children With Type II and Type III Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Following Chemotherapy: A Report From the International PPB/ Registry.

Purpose: Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is the most common primary lung neoplasm of infancy and early childhood. Type II and type III PPB have historically been associated with a poor prognosis.

Methods: Patients with known or suspected PPB were enrolled in the International PPB/ Registry.

Cost Comparison of Ultrasound Versus MRI to Diagnose Adolescent Female Patients Presenting with Acute Abdominal/Pelvic Pain Using Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing.

Rationale And Objectives: To compare the cost of ultrasound (US) versus magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using time-driven activity-based costing in adolescent female patients with suspected appendicitis.

Materials And Methods: Process maps were created using data from electronic medical record review and patient shadowing for adolescent female patients undergoing US or noncontrast MRI exams of the abdomen and pelvis for suspected appendicitis. Capacity cost rates for all personnel, equipment, facilities, and supplies in each exam pathway were established from institutional accounting data.

Light-Triggered Boost of Activity of Catalytic Bola-Type Surfactants by a Plasmonic Metal-Support Interaction Effect.

The maximization of activity is a general aim in catalysis research. The possibility for light-triggered enhancement of a catalytic process, even if the process is not photochemical in nature, represents an intriguing concept. Here, we present a novel system for the exploration of the latter idea.

Characterization of all-terrain vehicle-related chest injury patterns in children.

Purpose: To evaluate chest injury patterns in pediatric patients involved in all-terrain vehicle (ATV) accidents.

Methods: Retrospective review of patients 0-18 years old admitted to a level I trauma institute following an ATV-related incident from 2004 to 2013 was performed. Chest injury type, accident mechanism, driver/passenger status, and demographic and clinical data were compared between patients with and without chest injury.

Hybrid Surfactants with N-Heterocyclic Carbene Heads as a Multifunctional Platform for Interfacial Catalysis.

Processing of substrates with different solvent compatibility is a persistent problem in homogeneous catalysis, in particular when one starting compound is water soluble and the other is not. A promising concept reported in the literature is micellar catalysis. However, the process of developing catalysts that are surfactants at the same time is still in its early stages.

Magneto-Adaptive Surfactants Showing Anti-Curie Behavior and Tunable Surface Tension as Porogens for Mesoporous Particles with 12-Fold Symmetry.

Gaining external control over self-organization is of vital importance for future smart materials. Surfactants are extremely valuable for the synthesis of diverse nanomaterials. Their self-assembly is dictated by microphase separation, the hydrophobic effect, and head-group repulsion.

Nonequilibrium Catalyst Materials Stabilized by the Aerogel Effect: Solvent Free and Continuous Synthesis of Gamma-Alumina with Hierarchical Porosity.

Heterogeneous catalysis can be understood as a phenomenon which strongly relies on the occurrence of thermodynamically less favorable surface motifs like defects or high-energy planes. Because it is very difficult to control such parameters, an interesting approach is to explore metastable polymorphs of the respective solids. The latter is not an easy task as well because the emergence of polymorphs is dictated by kinetic control and materials with high surface area are required.

Functional Gradient Inverse Opal Carbon Monoliths with Directional and Multinary Porosity.

Nanoporous monoliths with hierarchical nanostructure are prepared via in situ assembly of template and carbon precursor gel by controlled ultracentrifugation experiments. Benefits of the gradient porosity are demonstrated for the Li-O battery.

Isolation and detection of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in clinical stool samples using conventional and molecular methods.

The isolation of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) other than serogroup O157 from clinical stool samples is problematic due to the lack of differential phenotypic characteristics from non-pathogenic E. coli. The development of molecular reagents capable of identifying both toxin and serogroup-specific genetic determinants holds promise for a more comprehensive characterization of stool samples and isolation of STEC strains.

Biodiversity of sphingoid bases ("sphingosines") and related amino alcohols.

"Sphingosin" was first described by J. L. W.

Thinking ecologically for safer healthcare: a summer research student partnership.

As leaders for nursing education, nursing research, healthcare administration and patient safety, we asked one another: How do we use our collective resources to build health system capacity for clinically based research training and safer healthcare? Drawing on knowledge from the field of ecological restoration, which is the study and repair of damaged ecosystems, we partnered the Safer Systems research program of the Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, with Capital Health's Royal Alexandra Hospital (RAH), the Caritas Health Group, the Canadian Patient Safety Institute (CPSI) and several funding agencies to provide hands-on training in clinical research, infection control and patient safety policy development for nursing students during the summer months. As we plan ahead, our student and staff evaluations show that together, we can make concrete, vital contributions to student education, nursing research, evidence-informed practice, clinical quality improvement and national policy. We are using what we have learned to continually expand the range of undergraduate, graduate and post-doctoral clinical learning opportunities in healthcare safety that are available year round.

Postoperative gait velocity and mean knee flexion in stance of ambulatory children with spastic diplegia four years or more after multilevel surgery.

Factors associated with longer-term outcomes of multilevel orthopaedic surgery in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy using a multivariate approach were evaluated using a retrospective pretest-posttest design. The population included 20 ambulatory children with spastic diplegia who had undergone multilevel orthopaedic surgery with a minimum of 4-year interval between a preoperative and a postoperative gait assessment. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with postoperative velocity and mean knee flexion in stance.

Enhancement of two-photon absorption cross-section in macrocyclic thiophenes with cavities in the nanometer regime.

The linear and nonlinear optical properties of two thiophene-based cyclic molecules have been investigated. These molecules represent nanometer sized cavities which may be useful for novel photonic devices. By virtue of long-range interactions, these chromophores serve as novel architectures for enhanced two-photon absorption (TPA) properties.

Regulation of vascular tone during pregnancy: a novel role for the pregnane X receptor.

During pregnancy, maternal vascular function is altered through mechanisms that remain unclear. Progesterone synthesis and metabolism are also increased. Progesterone metabolites are potent endogenous ligands for the pregnane X receptor (PXR), a nuclear receptor that induces the expression of hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes.

[Interventional methods in breast diagnosis. Histological vs. cytological evaluation of core cut biopsies of the breast].

High speed core cut biopsies of breast tumors, sonographically or stereotactically guided, allow an histological examination of the tumor without surgery. It can be used prior to operation for the confirmation of a breast cancer and it can avoid unnecessary breast surgery in benign tumors. Unfortunately, only some centers are equipped with a pathology unit that allows an immediate histological examination.

Magnetic resonance imaging and its role in the diagnosis of multicentric breast cancer.

Multicentric breast cancer is one of the most important contraindications for breast conserving therapy. While the sensitivity of mammography decreases in the dense breast, the present study was designed to assess the efficacy of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the diagnosis of multicentric breast cancer compared to clinical examination, mammography and sonography. In 38 of 46 patients who underwent modified radical mastectomy, multicentric breast cancer was found histologically according to the definition of Holland et al The sensitivity for the diagnosis of multicentricity in breast cancer was as follows: palpation (47%), mammography (66%), sonography (79%) and MRI (89%).

Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of local recurrences in breast cancer.

Breast conserving therapy (BCT) has turned out to be the standard procedure for the treatment of breast cancer. While the risk of local recurrences was reported as 1-2% or more per year after treatment, follow-up including clinical examination, mammography and even sonography is of priority. This study was performed to assess the efficacy of contrast-enhanced dynamic magnetic resonance tomography (NMR) for the diagnosis of local recurrences after breast conserving therapy, compared to palpation, mammography and ultrasound.