Limitations in Achieving Glycemic Targets From CGM Data and Persistence of Severe Hypoglycemia in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Regardless of Insulin Delivery Method.

Objective: We captured continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics from a large online survey of adults with type 1 diabetes to determine how glycemic outcomes varied by insulin delivery form.

Research Design And Methods: Adults with type 1 diabetes from the T1D Exchange Registry/online communities completed the survey and contributed retrospective CGM data for up to 1 year. Self-reported glycemic outcomes and CGM measures were described overall and by insulin delivery method.

Socio-clinical Phenotyping in Patients with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A Latent Class Analysis.

In a common disease population such as atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), latent classes may uncover subgroups of patients that can be distinguished by combinations of several factors instead of a single factor. In this study, we sought to identify clinical, demographic, and social sub-phenotypes of ASCVD, using latent class analysis (LCA), and assess the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality across the identified socio-clinical classes. LCA is a statistical technique employed to uncover hidden class divisions within a set of individuals by utilizing a mix of categorical and/or continuous observed variables.

Balancing Objective Markers and Subjective Experience in Eating Disorder Diagnoses: Commentary on Dang et al. (2024).

The results of Dang et al.'s recent systematic review and meta-analysis suggested that individuals diagnosed with other specified feeding or eating disorder (OSFED) and those diagnosed with specified eating disorders (EDs, such as bulimia nervosa) endorse similar, elevated levels of ED-related cognitions (but not behaviors). The DSM has traditionally conceptualized EDs primarily as disturbances in eating behavior, and the diagnostic boundaries for EDs are based on objective markers, such as behavioral frequencies and weight.

Integrating "Lumpers" versus "Splitters" Perspectives: Toward a Hierarchical Dimensional Taxonomy of Eating Disorders from Clinician Ratings.

This study describes a hierarchical dimensional model of eating-disorder (ED) classification based on the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). Participants were community-recruited adults with an ED (=252; 81.9% female).

Anticipatory and Consummatory Responses Across Reward Domains in Adolescents With Anorexia Nervosa.

Objective: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is characterized by a tendency to limit intake of food, with specific restriction of foods that are generally considered highly palatable. This observation raises questions about whether reward processing is disturbed in AN. This study examined whether adolescents with AN differ from healthy control peers (HC) in anticipatory and consummatory reward processing.

Association of Obesity With Psychological Distress in Young Adults: Patterns by Sex and Race or Ethnicity.

Background: Recent studies have emphasized the intricate relationship between obesity and psychological distress, unraveling the complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors. However, a conspicuous knowledge gap persists in understanding the association between obesity severity and psychological distress, particularly in young adults, marked by limited empirical data.

Objectives: This study comprehensively investigates the link between obesity and psychological distress among young adults, emphasizing potential variations based on gender and race or ethnicity.

Cost and non-cost factors associated with delays in receiving medical care in adults with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Background: The study aims to compare cost and non-cost factors associated with delays in receiving medical care in adults with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).

Methods: Using 2014-2018 data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Behaviour Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey ( = 508,203), multivariate logistic regression models were developed to compute the adjusted odds ratio of reasons for delays in medical care in adults with ASCVD.

Results: Our study population of 61,227 adults with ASCVD (9.

Spiral scanning improves subject fixation in widefield retinal imaging.

Point scanning retinal imaging modalities, including confocal scanning light ophthalmoscopy (cSLO) and optical coherence tomography, suffer from fixational motion artifacts. Fixation targets, though effective at reducing eye motion, are infeasible in some applications (e.g.

Eating disorder symptom non-endorsers in hospitalised patients with anorexia nervosa: Who are they?

Objective: Impaired insight and illness denial are common in anorexia nervosa (AN). Missing an AN diagnosis may delay treatment and negatively impact outcomes.

Method: The current retrospective study examined the prevalence and characteristics of AN symptom non-endorsement (i.

Low Overlap and High Heterogeneity Across Common Measures of Eating Disorder Pathology: A Content Analysis.

This study evaluated symptoms assessed in common measures of eating disorder pathology and tested overlap to evaluate the extent to which measures may be interchangeable. Six measures were included: Bulimia Test-Revised, Eating Attitudes Test-26, Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale, Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory, and Questionnaire for Eating Disorder Diagnoses. Content overlap was quantitatively estimated using the Jaccard Index.

The explore/exploit trade-off: An ecologically valid and translational framework that can advance mechanistic understanding of eating disorders.

The explore/exploit trade-off is a decision-making process that is conserved across species and balances exploring unfamiliar choices of unknown value with choosing familiar options of known value to maximize reward. This framework is rooted in behavioral ecology and has traditionally been used to study maladaptive versus adaptive non-human animal foraging behavior. Researchers have begun to recognize the potential utility of understanding human decision-making and psychopathology through the explore/exploit trade-off.

Naturalistic symptom trajectories of atypical anorexia nervosa, anorexia nervosa, and bulimia nervosa in a prospective cohort study of United States college students.

Objective: Research on the natural course of symptoms of atypical anorexia nervosa (AN) relative to AN and bulimia nervosa (BN) is limited yet needed to inform nosology and improve understanding of atypical AN. This study aimed to 1) characterize trajectories of eating disorder and internalizing (anxiety, depression) symptoms in college students with and without a history of atypical AN, AN, and BN; and 2) compare sex and race/ethnicity distributions across groups.

Method: United States college students who participated in Spit for Science™, a prospective cohort study, were classified as having a history of atypical AN (n = 125), AN (n = 160), BN (n = 617), or as non-eating-disorder controls (NCs, n = 5876).

Severe Hypoglycemia and Impaired Awareness of Hypoglycemia Persist in People With Type 1 Diabetes Despite Use of Diabetes Technology: Results From a Cross-sectional Survey.

Objective: To determine how diabetes technologies, including continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and automated insulin delivery (AID) systems, impact glycemic metrics, prevalence of severe hypoglycemic events (SHEs), and impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH) in people with type 1 diabetes in a real-world setting within the U.S.

Research Design And Methods: In this retrospective, observational study with cross-sectional elements, participants aged ≥18 years were enrolled from the T1D Exchange Registry/online community.

Shot-noise limited optical hybrid based on fused fiber couplers.

We describe a fiber-based coherent receiver topology which utilizes intrinsic phase shifts from fiber couplers to enable instantaneous quadrature projection with shot-noise limited signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Fused 3 × 3 fiber couplers generate three phase-shifted signals simultaneously that can be combined with quadrature projection methods to detect magnitude and phase unambiguously. We present a novel, to the best of our knowledge, differential detection topology which utilizes a combination of 3 × 3 and 2 × 2 couplers to enable quadrature projection with fully differential detection.

Unfavorable social determinants of health and mortality risk by cardiovascular disease status: Findings from a National Study of United States Adults.

Background: The association between cumulative burden of unfavorable social determinants of health (SDoH) and all-cause mortality has not been assessed by atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) status on a population level in the United States.

Methods: We assessed the association between cumulative social disadvantage and all-cause mortality by ASCVD status in the National Health Interview Survey, linked to the National Death Index.

Results: In models adjusted for established clinical risk factors, individuals experiencing the highest level of social disadvantage (SDoH-Q4) had over 1.

The Role of Lipid-Lowering Therapy in Post-Stroke Patients: Update and Recommendations.

Purpose Of Review: Stroke is the second leading cause of death and disability-adjusted life years worldwide, and the global lifetime risk of stroke is rising. Moreover, patients with a prior stroke are at high risk of recurrent events. We aimed at reviewing the evidence supporting aggressive secondary prevention strategies for lipid-lowering treatment in this population.

Hybrid spiral scanning in a double-clad fiber-based handheld confocal scanning light ophthalmoscope.

High-speed, accessible, and robust imaging of the human retina is critical for screening of retinal pathologies, such as diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and others. Scanning light ophthalmoscopy (SLO) is a retinal imaging modality that produces digital, images of the human retina with superior image gradability rates when compared to the current standard of care in screening for these diseases, namely the flood-illumination handheld fundus camera (HFC). However, current-generation commercial SLO systems are mostly tabletop devices, limiting their accessibility and utility in screening applications.

Learned industriousness as a translational mechanism in anorexia nervosa.

It remains unexplained why some behaviours persist despite being non-hedonic and ostensibly aversive. This phenomenon is especially baffling when such behaviours are taken to excess in the form of psychopathology. Anorexia nervosa is one psychiatric disorder in which effortful behaviours that most people find unpleasant (suchas restrictive eating) are persistently performed.