Occupational injuries, mental workload and coping strategies among the nursing workforce in the Eastern Region of Ghana: a multi-centre study.

Background: The nursing profession plays a crucial role in the quality of healthcare services. While nurses face occupational injury challenges globally, mental workload, which is often overlooked, plays a significant role in these injuries. Understanding nurses' coping strategies can help develop effective interventions.

The influence of land surface temperature on Ghana's climate variability and implications for sustainable development.

Climate change poses significant global challenges, especially in the West African sub-region, with high temperature and precipitation patterns variability, threatening socio-economic stability and ecosystem health. While global factors such as greenhouse gases and oceanic circulations shape regional climates, this study focuses on the understudied role of local climatic variables in influencing near-surface air temperature (NST) in Ghana from 1981 to 2020. Based on ground observations, our findings reveal significant correlations between land surface temperature (LST) and NST before and after the identified breakpoint year of 2001.

The Surgical Pause: The Importance of Measuring Frailty and Taking Action to Address Identified Frailty.

Conceptual Framework: The Surgical Pause is a rapid, scalable strategy for health care systems to optimize perioperative outcomes for high-risk, frail patients considering elective surgery. The first and most important step is to screen for frailty, thereby identifying the 5% to 10% of patients at most risk for postoperative complications, loss of independence, institutionalization, and mortality. The second step is to take action to improve outcomes.

Molecular requirements of chromogranin B for the long-sought anion shunter of regulated secretion.

Unlabelled: All eukaryotes utilize regulated secretion to release molecular signals packaged in secretory granules for local and remote signaling. An anion shunt conductance was first suggested in secretory granules of bovine chromaffin cells nearly five decades ago. Biochemical identity of this conductance remains undefined.

Neuronal growth regulator 1 (NEGR1) promotes the synaptic targeting of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65).

Neuronal growth regulator 1 (NEGR1) is a synaptic plasma membrane localized cell adhesion molecule implicated in a wide spectrum of psychiatric disorders. By RNAseq analysis of the transcriptomic changes in the brain of NEGR1-deficient mice, we found that NEGR1 deficiency affects the expression of the Gad2 gene. We show that glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65), the Gad2 - encoded enzyme synthesizing the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA on synaptic vesicles, accumulates non-synaptically in brains of NEGR1-deficient mice.

Synthesis and Analysis of (γ,γ',γ''-Trifluoro)neopentyl (TFNP) Aryl Ethers as a Polar Fluoroaliphatic Motif.

A route is developed to (γ,γ',γ'''-trifluoro)neopentyl (TFNP) aryl ethers to extend the methods for the introduction of the tert-butyl group, carrying a fluorine on each of the methyl substituents. The route combines neopentyltosylate 3 with phenols and thiophenols to give efficient substitution reactions to the corresponding TFNP aryl ethers. The three C-F bonds adopt a helical propeller conformation as revealed by computation and single crystal X-ray structure analysis.

Serum from pregnant donors induces human beta cell proliferation.

Pancreatic beta cells are among the slowest replicating cells in the human body and have not been observed to increase in number except during the fetal and neonatal period, in cases of obesity, during puberty, as well as during pregnancy. Pregnancy is associated with increased beta cell mass to meet heightened insulin demands. This phenomenon raises the intriguing possibility that factors present in the serum of pregnant individuals may stimulate beta cell proliferation and offer insights into expansion of the beta cell mass for treatment and prevention of diabetes.

Diffusion of excellence: evaluating a system to identify, replicate, and spread promising innovative practices across the Veterans health administration.

Introduction: The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) Diffusion of Excellence (DoE) program provides a system to identify, replicate, and spread promising practices across the largest integrated healthcare system in the United States. DoE identifies innovations that have been successfully implemented in the VHA through a Shark Tank style competition. VHA facility and regional directors bid resources needed to replicate promising practices.

Serum from pregnant donors induces human beta cell proliferation and insulin secretion.

Pancreatic beta cells are among the slowest replicating cells in the human body. Human beta cells usually do not increase in number with exceptions being during the neonatal period, in cases of obesity, and during pregnancy. This project explored maternal serum for stimulatory potential on human beta cell proliferation and insulin output.

Glenoid component placement accuracy in total shoulder arthroplasty with preoperative planning and standard instrumentation is not influenced by supero-inferior glenoid erosion.

Purpose: Accurate glenoid component placement in total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) remains challenging even with preoperative planning, especially for variable glenoid erosion patterns in the coronal plane.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 170 primary TSAs in which preoperative planning software was used. After registration of intraoperative bony landmarks, surgeons were blinded to the navigation screen and attempted to implement their plan by simulating placement of a central-axis guide pin: 230 screenshots of simulated guide pin placement were included (aTSA = 66, rTSA = 164).

Socio-cultural factors influencing adolescent pregnancy in Ghana: a scoping review.

Background: Adolescent pregnancy is a public health challenge that has well-defined causes, associated health risks, and social and economic consequences for adolescent, their families, communities, and society. The purpose of this scoping review is to summarize studies published on socio-cultural determinants of adolescent pregnancy in Ghana.

Methods: Search for records was done in four major databases, including PubMed CENTRAL, Science Direct and JSTOR.

The role of GABA in islet function.

Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid and neurotransmitter that is produced in the islet at levels as high as in the brain. GABA is synthesized by the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), of which the 65 kDa isoform (GAD65) is a major autoantigen in type 1 diabetes. Originally described to be released synaptic-like microvesicles or from insulin secretory vesicles, beta cells are now understood to release substantial quantities of GABA directly from the cytosol volume-regulated anion channels (VRAC).

The historical development of zoo elephant survivorship.

In the discussion about zoo elephant husbandry, the report of Clubb et al. (2008, Science 322: 1649) that zoo elephants had a "compromised survivorship" compared to certain non-zoo populations is a grave argument, and was possibly one of the triggers of a large variety of investigations into zoo elephant welfare, and changes in zoo elephant management. A side observation of that report was that whereas survivorship in African elephants (Loxodonta africana) improved since 1960, this was not the case in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus).

Betel quid: New insights into an ancient addiction.

The use of areca nuts (areca) in the form of betel quids constitutes the fourth most common addiction in the world, associated with high risk for oral disease and cancer. Areca is a complex natural product, making it difficult to identify specific components associated with the addictive and carcinogenic properties. It is commonly believed that the muscarinic agonist arecoline is at the core of the addiction.

Adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes of adolescent pregnancies in Africa: a scoping review.

Background: Adolescent pregnancy is a public health issue with well-defined causes and health risks with social and economic implications. Aim of this review was to examine adverse pregnancy outcomes and risk factors associated with adolescent pregnancy in Africa.

Method: PubMed Central, Science Direct and JSTOR were the main databases for the literature review.

New Two-Photon Absorbing Squaraine Derivative with Efficient Near-Infrared Fluorescence, Superluminescence, and High Photostability.

The nature of linear photophysical and nonlinear optical properties of a new squaraine derivative 2,4-bis[4-(azetidyl)-2-hydroxyphenyl]squaraine () with efficient near-infrared (NIR) emission was comprehensively analyzed based on spectroscopic, photochemical, and two-photon absorption (2PA) measurements, along with quantum chemical analysis. The steady-state absorption, fluorescence, and excitation anisotropy spectra of and its fluorescence emission lifetimes revealed the multiple aspects of the electronic structure of , including the relative orientations of the main transition dipoles, effective rotational volumes in solvents of different polarities, and a maximum molar extinction of 1.35 × 10 M·cm, which is unusually small for similar symmetric squaraines.

Effect of Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy With Intracorporeal Urinary Diversion vs Open Radical Cystectomy on 90-Day Morbidity and Mortality Among Patients With Bladder Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Robot-assisted radical cystectomy is being performed with increasing frequency, but it is unclear whether total intracorporeal surgery improves recovery compared with open radical cystectomy for bladder cancer.

Objectives: To compare recovery and morbidity after robot-assisted radical cystectomy with intracorporeal reconstruction vs open radical cystectomy.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Randomized clinical trial of patients with nonmetastatic bladder cancer recruited at 9 sites in the UK, from March 2017-March 2020.

Refraction of space-time wave packets in a dispersive medium.

Space-time (ST) wave packets are a class of pulsed optical beams whose spatiotemporal spectral structure results in propagation invariance, tunable group velocity, and anomalous refractive phenomena. Here, we investigate the refraction of ST wave packets normally incident onto a planar interface between two dispersive, homogeneous, isotropic media. We formulate a new, to the best of our knowledge, refractive invariant for ST wave packets in this configuration, from which we obtain a law of refraction that determines the change in their group velocity across the interface.

Femtosecond Spectroscopy and Nonlinear Optical Properties of aza-BODIPY Derivatives in Solution.

The fast relaxation processes in the excited electronic states of functionalized aza-boron-dipyrromethene (aza-BODIPY) derivatives (1-4) were investigated in liquid media at room temperature, including the linear photophysical, photochemical, and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. Optical gain was revealed for nonfluorescent derivatives 3 and 4 in the near infrared (NIR) spectral range under femtosecond excitation. The values of two-photon absorption (2PA) and excited-state absorption (ESA) cross-sections were obtained for 1-4 in dichloromethane using femtosecond Z-scans, and the role of bromine substituents in the molecular structures of 2 and 4 is discussed.