Osteopontin Upregulation, Induced by the Continuous Mechanical Load in Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells, is Strongly Restricted in INF-γ/TNF-α/IL-22 Microenvironment.

The osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSc) in axial spondyloarthritis (AxSpA) depends on the interplay of inflammation and multiple hormonal and local mechanical factors. In this study, MCs, derived from the adipose tissue of a healthy donor, were cultured under or without continuous mechanical load in the osteogenic differentiation medium with or without the addition of testosterone, cocktail of INF-γ/TNF-α/IL-22, or both. Real-time PCR for osteogenic transcription factors demonstrated that in the absence of INF-γ/TNF-α/IL-22, mechanical load causes significant upregulation of SPP1 (osteopontin), while the presence of the inflammatory cytokines almost completely abolishes this effect.

Orthodontic force and extracorporeal shock wave therapy: Assessment of orthodontic tooth movement and bone morphometry in a rat model.

Objective: The objective was to investigate the effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) on the magnitude of orthodontic tooth movement, in a rat model, based on a previously established treatment protocol.

Design: In conjunction with orthodontic force commencement, rats underwent ESWT. The amount of tooth movement along with different microarchitectural parameters were measured after three weeks by means of microcomputed tomography.

Analytical methodology to measure periodontal bone morphometry following orthodontic tooth movement in mice.

Introduction: Basic research in orthodontics is commonly conducted in rodents. However, experimental studies on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) lack a standard method to examine OTM and periodontal changes. This study describes a unifying protocol for the analysis of OTM and associated bone microarchitectural changes in mice using microcomputed tomography (µCT).

Effects of Intraligamentary Injection of Osteogenic-Induced Gingival Fibroblasts on Cementum Thickness in the Dog Model of Tooth Root Resorption.

Tooth root resorption is an unwanted result of orthodontic tooth movement, and it can be expressed by a reduction in cementum thickness. The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the effect of intraligamentary injection of osteogenic-induced gingival fibroblasts (OIGF) on cellular and acellular tooth root cementum thickness in modeled orthodontic tooth movement. Six beagle dogs were used in the study.

Orthodontic Consideration in Patients with Beta-Thalassemia Major: Case Report and Literature Review.

Objective: Beta Thalassemia (βT) patients present a unique facial appearance and specific craniofacial, jaw and dental patterns. Although this anomaly often requires orthodontic management, βT patients have received scant attention in the orthodontic and dental literature over the past 50 years. The aim of this article is to review the characteristic craniofacial and dental manifestation pattern of βT patients and to emphasize their preferred orthodontic management protocol by presenting a βT orthodontic treated patient.

The Influence of Shockwave Therapy on Orthodontic Tooth Movement Induced in the Rat.

Shockwave therapy is used in medicine due to its ability to stimulate healing processes. The application of orthodontic force evokes an inflammatory reaction resulting in tooth movement. Shockwave therapy might have an effect on both inflammatory and periodonal ligament cytokine profiles.

Secondary bone grafting of the cleft maxilla following reverse quad-helix expansion in 103 patients.

Introduction: The main points to consider in secondary alveolar bone grafting (ABG) of cleft patients are age at the time of surgery, the type of bone graft, and pre/postorthodontic expansion of the upper jaw.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the reverse quad-helix (RQH) expander device. Does RQH improve the surgical procedure before ABG? We will evaluate the outcome of the procedure, duration of the operation, hospitalization time, satisfaction of the surgeon with this procedure and the success of the bone graft in the long-term.

Maturation of teeth adjacent to dental agenesis site.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the developmental stage of teeth adjacent to the agenesis site in comparison to their antimeres.

Materials And Methods: Panoramic views of 39 patients with unilateral dental agenesis and 42 normal controls were evaluated. The dental developmental stage (normal or delayed) of the teeth adjacent to the agenesis site was determined for each patient using the Haavikko's method, while the overall dental age was determined by Becker's method.

Lip buccal mucosa traumatic overgrowth due to sucking habit - a 10-year follow-up of a non-surgical approach: a combination of behavioural and myofunctional therapy.

Objective: Traumatic lesion of the lip buccal mucosa may develop due to a repetitive lip sucking habit, secondary to a dental space which opened in the dental in adult patients. The non surgical treatment approach is based on increasing of patient's awareness to the sucking habit along with the creation of a change in the oral and dental surrounding tissues. The following case included a failure to identify a traumatic habit of lower lip sucking, resulting in a buccal mucosa overgrowth.

Combined orthognathic distraction procedure: Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy and mandibular curvilinear distraction osteogenesis. A new technique for craniofacial management.

Dentofacial deformities are traditionally treated by maxillary and mandibular osteotomies conducted separately or simultaneously. Recently, distraction osteogenesis has become an irreplaceable part of the surgical armamentarium, for its ability to induce new bone formation between the surfaces of bone segments that are gradually separated by incremental traction, along with a simultaneous expansion of the surrounding soft-tissue envelope. The aim of this article is to describe a combined surgical technique consisting of simultaneous maxillary Le Fort I advancement and mandibular surgical repositioning by means of bilateral sagittal split osteotomy with a curvilinear distractor based on a preliminary computerized presurgical prediction.

Revascularization: a treatment for permanent teeth with necrotic pulp and incomplete root development.

Introduction: Endodontic treatment of immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulp, with or without apical pathosis, poses several clinical challenges. There is a risk of inducing a dentin wall fracture or extending gutta-percha into the periapical tissue during compaction of the root canal filling. Although the use of calcium hydroxide apexification techniques or the placement of mineral trioxide aggregate as an apical stop has the potential to minimize apical extrusion of filling material, they do little in adding strength to the dentin walls.

Mandibular premolar autotransplantation in cleft affected patients: the replacement of congenital missing teeth as part of the cleft patient's treatment protocol.

Background: Tooth autotransplantation has developed into a safe and predictable procedure, which preserves the continuity of the dental arch and the alveolar process and provides an acceptable aesthetic and physiological outcome.

Aim: To describe our experience with autotransplantation of the developing mandibular premolar to the iliac crest grafted alveolar cleft as part of the cleft patient's treatment protocol.

Material And Methods: Four cleft affected patients were referred to the Orthodontic and Craniofacial Department, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel due to loss of teeth in the cleft area.

Aggressive periodontitis diagnosed during or before orthodontic treatment.

Objective: The aim was to review the literature on aggressive periodontitis diagnosed during or before the initiation of orthodontic treatment and to propose preventive recommendations before, during and after orthodontic treatment.

Materials And Methods: Literature searches of free text and MeSH terms were performed by using PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library and the appropriate studies were selected. The retrieved articles were analyzed and the relevant data was tabulated according to different parameters.

Craniofacial magnetic resonance imaging with a gold solder-filled chain-like wire fixed orthodontic retainer.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the most powerful tools in diagnostic imaging. With the growing rates of orthodontic treatment, there are increasing chances of post-orthodontic treatment patients permanently wearing fixed retainers who shall undergo MRI examination.Three adolescent patients were referred for craniofacial MRI examination.

Assessment of IL-1β and VEGF concentration in a rat model during orthodontic tooth movement and extracorporeal shock wave therapy.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate PDL's cytokine concentration fluctuations after induction of orthodontic force with and without extracorporeal shock wave therapy in a rat model.

Materials And Methods: An orthodontic appliance was fabricated and applied between the molars and the incisors of rats. The rats were treated by a single episode of 1000 shock waves and gingival crevicular fluid was collected for 3 days.

The prevalence of platybasia in patients with velopharyngeal incompetence.

Objectives : To estimate the prevalence of platybasia in patients with velopharyngeal incompetence (VPI) and its relation with palatal anomalies and syndromes. Design and Settings : Retrospective case analysis. Setting : A university-affiliated hospital.

Reverse quad helix appliance: differential anterior maxillary expansion of the cleft area before bone grafting.

Cleft-affected cases present a variable degree of transversal constriction of the maxilla. Our aim is to present a new method for differential expansion of the premaxillary area in unilateral cleft lip and palate-affected patients. The reverse quad helix appliance is made of a 0.

Periodontal and space maintenance considerations for primary teeth presenting with aggressive periodontitis: a case report.

Aggressive periodontitis is diagnosed mainly by clinical and radiographic examination. Diagnosis in the primary dentition indicates a choice between conservative and radical treatment that involves extractions, depending on the severity of the case. The purpose of this report was to present a case of aggressive periodontitis in a systemically healthy child and to discuss the periodontal and orthodontic aspects.

Combined orthodontic temporary anchorage devices and surgical management of the alveolar ridge augmentation using distraction osteogenesis.

Purpose: Distraction osteogenesis is used to increase the vertical and transverse bone volume of the alveolar ridge and requires 3-dimensional vector controls. Temporary anchorage devices (TADs) may be inserted into the transported segment, enabling distraction vector control by exerting orthodontic force. The authors' aim was to describe a combined orthodontic surgical technique involving vertical alveolar distraction using TADs.

Advancement of the cleft maxilla using distraction osteogenesis--surgical and orthodontic considerations.

The distraction osteogenesis principle that was originally developed by orthopedists for purposes of limb lengthening can now be used successfully for bones of the craniofacial region, including cleft palate deformities. Advancement of the cleft maxilla by means of distraction is based on the concept of using stretching forces to separate two bony elements at the midface region. The role of orthodontists in skeletal treatment of the maxilla utilizing distraction osteogenesis should be collaborative and adjunctive as part of a team approach to rehabilitate the patient.

The future in craniofacial surgery: computer-assisted planning.

Advancements in computers, prototyping, and imaging, especially over the last 10 years, have permitted the adoption of three-dimensional imaging protocols in the health care field. In this article, the authors present an integrated simulation system for craniofacial surgical planning and treatment. Image fusion technology, which involves combining different imaging modalities, was utilized to create a realistic prototype and virtual image that can be manipulated in real time.

Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome: dentofacial manifestation and oral rehabilitation considerations.

Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by ocular and dental abnormalities. This case demonstrates a comprehensive review of the syndrome's clinical and dental features and describes a case of a 13-year-old boy presenting with it. The patient showed severe hypodontia, microdontia, and short roots.

Medical emergencies in a dental office: inhalation and ingestion of orthodontic objects.

Background: The authors reviewed the literature regarding inhalation and ingestion of orthodontic appliances and suggest ways to manage and prevent these events.

Types Of Studies Reviewed: The authors conducted literature searches of free text and Medical Subject Headings terms by using PubMed and Embase databases and selected appropriate studies. They analyzed retrieved articles according to several parameters: inhalation or ingestion event, number of cases, patient's sex and age, type of orthodontic appliance, in-office event or out-of-office event, and medical treatment.

Curvilinear mandibular distraction results and long-term stability effects in a group of 40 patients.

Background: The mandibular internal curvilinear distractor design produces a curvilinear vector to provide ideal three-dimensional curvilinear movements compared with the limited straight unidirectional predecessor devices. In this manner, it corrects craniofacial deformities as anatomically as possible, allowing simultaneous bidirectional (rotational and translational) mandibular movement and multidirectional distraction. The aim of this study was to quantify the sagittal and vertical mandibular changes achieved through curvilinear distraction and to assess the long-term effect of this generated bone.