In vitro evaluation of biofilm formation by Candida parapsilosis and Enterobacter cloacae. Scanning electron microscopy and efficacy of antimicrobial combinations study.

Fungal-bacterial infections are being increasingly recognized in clinical settings, and the interaction between these species in polymicrobial biofilms often lead to infections that are highly resistant to treatment. In this in vitro study, we analyzed the formation of mixed biofilms using clinically isolated Candida parapsilosis and Enterobacter cloacae. Additionally, we assessed the potential of conventional antimicrobials, both alone and in combination, for treating polymicrobial biofilms built by these human pathogens.