Access and knowledge of contraceptives and unmet need for family planning in Pakistan.

Background: Family planning facilities provide an extensive choice of assistance that is beneficial for women and the society. It may limit the fatality risk for mothers and babies by reducing the rate of pregnancies and abortions. The Government of Pakistan has been continuously trying to persuade the people about the importance of family planning.

Tuning the C /C Selectivity of Electrochemical CO Reduction on Cu-CeO Nanorods by Oxidation State Control.

Ceria (CeO ) is one of the most extensively used rare earth oxides. Recently, it has been used as a support material for metal catalysts for electrochemical energy conversion. However, to date, the nature of metal/CeO interfaces and their impact on electrochemical processes remains unclear.

Heterojunction formation between copper(II) oxide nanoparticles and single-walled carbon nanotubes to enhance antibacterial performance.

We delineate the excellent bactericidal efficacy of stable heterojunction nanocomposites composed of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and copper(II) oxide (CuO) synthesized via facile recrystallization and calcination. The bactericidal effectiveness of the fabricated nanocomposites was examined using the standard broth-dilution method and the growth-inhibition-zone analysis method, in which bacteria cultured in an incubator in tryptic soy broth medium were subjected to the prepared samples. The bactericidal activity of all of the as-synthesized samples is evident in both methods, displaying a substantial decrease in bacterial colonies and resulting in clear inhibition zones, respectively.

Phase Evolution of ReMoSe Alloy Nanosheets and Their Enhanced Catalytic Activity toward Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

Two-dimensional ReSe has emerged as a promising electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), but its catalytic activity needs to be further improved. Herein, we synthesized ReMoSe alloy nanosheets with the whole range of (0-100%) using a hydrothermal reaction. The phase evolved in the order of 1T″ (triclinic) → 1T' (monoclinic) → 2H (hexagonal) upon increasing .

Se-Rich MoSe Nanosheets and Their Superior Electrocatalytic Performance for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

Two-dimensional MoSe has emerged as a promising electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), although its catalytic activity needs to be further improved. Herein, we report Se-rich MoSe nanosheets synthesized using a hydrothermal reaction, displaying much enhanced HER performance at the Se/Mo ratio of 2.3.

Orientation-specific switching of inelastic electron tunneling in an oxygen-pyridine complex adsorbed onto an Ag(110) surface.

Here, we report the development of a molecular rotary switch (a "stator-rotor" consisting of a single oxygen molecule as a stator and a single pyridine molecule as a rotor) on a silver surface. The pyridine molecule was bonded to the oxygen molecule and was found to rotate to enable "ON" or "OFF" vibrational conductance through the oxygen molecule. Four stable sites around the oxygen molecule were observed, and vibration conductance turned on and off depending on the site at which the pyridine molecule bonded.

Two dimensional MoS meets porphyrins via intercalation to enhance the electrocatalytic activity toward hydrogen evolution.

Two-dimensional MoS meets porphyrin molecules to form unique 1T' phase intercalated complexes via a one-step procedure of hydrothermal reactions. The resultant Mn-porphyrin-MoS exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the hydrogen evolution reaction, with a Tafel slope of 35 mV dec and 10 mA cm at an overpotential of 0.125 V.

Inorganic molecule (O, NO) adsorption on nitrogen- and phosphorus-doped MoS monolayer using first principle calculations.

We performed a systematic study of the adsorption behaviors of O and NO gas molecules on pristine MoS, N-doped, and P-doped MoS monolayers first principle calculations. Our adsorption energy calculations and charge analysis showed that the interactions between the NO and O molecules and P-MoS system are stronger than that of pristine and N-MoS. The spin of the absorbed molecule couples differently depending on the type of gas molecule adsorbed on the P- and N-substituted MoS monolayer.

Nitrogen-rich 1T'-MoS layered nanostructures using alkyl amines for high catalytic performance toward hydrogen evolution.

The imminent global energy crisis and current environmental issues have stimulated considerable research on high-performance catalysts for sustainable hydrogen energy generation. Two-dimensional layered MoS2 has recently drawn worldwide attention because of its excellent catalytic properties for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In the present work, we prepared nitrogen (N)-rich 1T' (distorted 1T) phase MoS2 layered nanostructures using different alkyl amines with 1-4 nitrogen atoms (methylamine, ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, and triethylenetetramine) as intercalants.

Intercalation of aromatic amine for the 2H-1T' phase transition of MoS by experiments and calculations.

The novel properties of two-dimensional materials have motivated extensive studies focused on transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), which led to many interesting findings in recent years. Further advances in this area would require the development of effective methods for producing nanostructured TMDs with a controlled structure. Herein, we report unique MoS2 layered nanostructures intercalated with dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DMPD) with various concentrations, synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal reaction.

Reference intervals for free T3 and free T4 in Pakistani euthyroid patients: effect of age and gender on thyroid function.

Objective: To establish reference intervals for Free Triiodothyronine (FT3) and Free Thyroxine (FT4) in euthyroid subjects and to assess the effect of age and gender on FT3 and FT4.

Study Design: Cross-sectional, analytical study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology (INMOL), Lahore, from January 2009 to April 2011.