Reduction Malarplasty that Uses Malar Setback Without Resection of Malar Body Strip.

Background: Various surgical methods have been developed and used to reduce prominent malar bones. The most common reduction malarplasty methods are resection of the bone strip of the malar bone with L-osteotomy or I-osteotomy, followed by setback and fixation. However, these methods could be associated with complications due to the bone strip resection.

Standardization of the reducing power of zero-valent iron using iodine.

Because iron-based materials that are used for the permeable reactive barrier systems come in various shapes, sizes, and with various surface properties depending on the manufacturing sources, their reductive powers vary in a wide spectrum. A new experimental procedure to evaluate the reductive power of iron material was developed in this study. Tri-iodide (I3(-)) was used as the representative oxidizing agent that reacts with zero-valent iron (ZVI).

Surfactant-enhanced ozone sparging for removal of organic compounds from sand.

An innovative surfactant-enhanced ozone sparging (SEOS) technique was developed in this study. The synergistic effect of simultaneous surfactant and ozone application on the removal of organic contaminants in an aquifer during air sparging was investigated. Using laboratory-scale one- and two-dimensional physical models packed with water-saturated sand, air sparging and ozone sparging were implemented either at high or low level surface tension of the groundwater.