pH Dependence of Dihydroxyacetone Oxidation by Electrocatalytic Viologen Self-Assembled Monolayers on Gold Electrodes.

Carbohydrate fuel cells garner much research interest as the world's focus shifts from fossil fuels to renewable energy. Many catalyst options are available for carbohydrate fuel cell development, including enzymes and microbes, various metal-based catalysts, and natural or synthetic mediators. Research challenges include low power output, system fouling and poisoning, inefficient electron release, and complex mechanisms, with multiple pathways leading to low product selectivity.

-Cyclodextrin Catalyzed, One-Pot Multicomponent Synthesis and Antimicrobial Potential of N-Aminopolyhydroquinoline Derivatives.

In the present report, we have described the synthesis of N-aminopolyhydroquinoline (N-PHQ) derivatives using highly efficient -cyclodextrin (-CD) as a catalyst by the Hantzsch condensation of substituted aromatic aldehydes, dimedone, and hydrazine hydrate in one pot. The reactions were completed in a shorter time without the generation of any other byproduct. The synthesized N-PHQs were washed thoroughly with distilled water and recrystallized with ethanol to get highly purified products (as crystals).

Green Synthesis of Magnetic FeO Nanoparticle with L. as Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalyst for One-Pot Reactions and Heavy Metal Adsorption.

The growth of the environment depends upon developing greener and ecological methods for managing pollutants and contamination from industrial wastewater, which causes significant effects on human health. The removal of these pollutants from wastewater using nanomaterials covers an ecological method that is free from expensive and secondary pollution. In this report, we developed magnetic iron nanoparticles from (CG), which showed excellent adsorption capacity at pH 5 for selective Hg and Pb metal ions among various heavy metal ions, with maximum adsorption capacities of 96.

Modulating the Conductivity of Light-Responsive Ionic Liquid Crystals.

In this work, we describe the phase behaviour and the dielectric and conductivity response of new light-responsive ionic liquid crystals, ILCs, which can be applied as controllable electrolytes. The materials include two different dicationic viologens, the asymmetric 6BP18 and the symmetric EV2ON(Tf), containing bistriflimide as the counterions, mixed with 5% and 50% molar, respectively, of one new photoresponsive mesogen called CNAzO14. These mixtures exhibit liquid crystal behaviour, light responsiveness through the - photoisomerisation of the azobenzene groups in CNAzO14, and strong dielectric responses.

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of ()-1-Aryl-2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)acrylonitrile Derivatives via [3+2] Cycloaddition Reaction Using Reusable Heterogeneous Nanocatalyst under Microwave Irradiation.

The magnetically recoverable heterogeneous FeO@cellulose@Mn nanocomposite was synthesized by a stepwise fabrication of Mn nanoparticles on cellulose-modified magnetic FeO nanocomposites, and the morphology of the nanocomposite was characterized through advanced spectroscopic techniques. This nanocomposite was investigated as a heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of medicinally important tetrazole derivatives through Knoevenagel condensation between aromatic/heteroaromatic aldehyde and malononitrile followed by [3+2] cycloaddition reaction with sodium azide. Thirteen potent ()-1-aryl-2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)acrylonitrile derivatives are reported in this paper with very high yields (up to 98%) and with excellent purity (as crystals) in a very short period (3 min @ 120 W) using microwave irradiation.

Synthesis, Optical Spectroscopy, and Laser and Biomedical Imaging Application Potential of 2,4,6-Triphenylpyrylium Tetrachloroferrate and Its Derivatives.

Synthesis, optical spectroscopic properties, two-photon (TP) absorption-induced fluorescence, and laser and bioimaging application potentials of 2,4,6-triphenylpyrylium tetrachloroferrate (),4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,6-diphenylpyrylium tetrachloroferrate (), 2,6-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-phenylpyrylium tetrachloroferrate (), and 2,4,6-tris(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrylium tetrachloroferrate () are presented. The synthesis involves the conversion of pyrylium tosylates to pyrylium chlorides, followed by transformation into - on heating to reflux with FeCl in acetonitrile. They are characterized using H and C NMR spectra in CDOD, and FTIR and Raman spectroscopic techniques.

Facile One-Pot Synthesis and Anti-Microbial Activity of Novel 1,4-Dihydropyridine Derivatives in Aqueous Micellar Solution under Microwave Irradiation.

The current study describes a novel and eco-conscious method to synthesize 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives utilizing an aqueous micellar solution containing aluminum dodecyl sulfate, Al(DS), using readily available starting material. The final products were synthesized with excellent yields within remarkably quick reaction durations, promoting remarkable atom economy and minimizing environmental impacts. The present protocol has several advantages over other methodologies in terms of high yield (up to 97%) with excellent purity.

Poly(Pyridinium Salt)s Containing 2,7-Diamino-9,9'-Dioctylfluorene Moieties with Various Organic Counterions Exhibiting Both Lyotropic Liquid-Crystalline and Light-Emitting Properties.

A series of poly(pyridinium salt)s-fluorene main-chain ionic polymers with various organic counterions were synthesized by using ring-transmutation polymerization and metathesis reactions. Their chemical structures were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), proton (H), and fluorine 19 (F) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometers. These polymers showed a number-average molecular weight (Ms) between 96.

Thermotropic Liquid-Crystalline and Light-Emitting Properties of Bis(4-aalkoxyphenyl) Viologen Bis(triflimide) Salts.

A series of bis(4-alkoxyphenyl) viologen bis(triflimide) salts with alkoxy chains of different lengths were synthesized by the metathesis reaction of respective bis(4-alkoxyphenyl) viologen dichloride salts, which were in turn prepared from the reaction of Zincke salt with the corresponding 4-n-alkoxyanilines, with lithium triflimide in methanol. Their chemical structures were characterized by H and C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and elemental analysis. Their thermotropic liquid-crystalline (LC) properties were examined by differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical microscopy, and variable temperature X-ray diffraction.

Phosphine Oxide Containing Poly(pyridinium salt)s as Fire Retardant Materials.

Six new rugged, high-temperature tolerant phosphine oxide-containing poly(4,4'-(-phenylene)-(2,6-diphenylpyridinium)) polymers , , , , , and are synthesized, characterized, and evaluated. Synthesis results in high yield and purity, as confirmed by elemental, proton (H), and carbon 13 (C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra analyses. High glass transition temperatures ( > 230 °C) and high char yields (>50% at 700 °C) are determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively.

Thermotropic Liquid-Crystalline and Light-Emitting Properties of Poly(pyridinium) Salts Containing Various Diamine Connectors and Hydrophilic Macrocounterions.

A set of poly(pyridinium) salts containing various diamine moieties, as molecular connectors, and poly(ethyleneglycol)-4-nonylphenyl-3-sulfopropyl ether, thereafter referred to as "Macroion", as the hydrophilic counterion, were prepared by metathesis reaction from the respective precursory tosylated poly(pyridinium)s in methanol. The structure of these ionic polymers was established by spectroscopy and chromatography techniques. The shape-persistent ionic poly(pyridinium) materials, inserting rigid or semi-rigid diamine spacers, display thermotropic liquid-crystalline properties from room-temperature up to their isotropization (in the temperature range around 160-200 °C).

Room temperature thermotropic liquid crystalline phases of catanionic surfactants derived from quaternary ammonium surfactants and bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate.

Hypothesis: Properties of catanionic surfactants can be tailored by the choice of appropriate headgroups and hydrocarbon tails. Thermal behavior of catanionic surfactants can be influenced by the length and number of alkyl chains.

Experiments: A series of eight catanionic surfactants were synthesized from quaternary ammonium surfactants as the cationic counterpart and bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT) as the anionic counterpart.

Synthesis of [PtCl2(4,4'-dialkoxy-2,2'-bipyridine)] complexes and their in vitro anticancer properties.

A series of [Pt(II)Cl2(4,4'-dialkoxy-2,2'-bipyridine)] complexes of the general formula of [Pt(II)Cl2(4,4'-bis(RO)-2,2'-bipyridine)] (where R = -(CH2)n-1CH3, n = 2-6, 8) were synthesized and characterized using (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, mass spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry measurements. The in vitro anti-proliferative activities of these compounds were evaluated against human cancer cell lines A549 (lung adenocarcinoma), DU145 (prostate carcinoma), MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma), and MDA-MB-435 (melanoma) using the MTS cell proliferation assay. Several Pt(II) coordination compounds were found to have greatly enhanced activity compared to cisplatin after a one hour treatment in all cell lines tested.