Downregulation of NKG2DLs by TGF-β in human lung cancer cells.

Background: Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a typical immuno-inhibitory cytokine and highly secreted by lung cancer cells. It was supposed that its immunosuppressive effects to NK cell might be related with the altered expression of activating and inhibitory molecules in lung cancer cells. In this study, we examined the expression of NKG2DLs, PD-L1 and PD-L2 in lung cancer cells after treatment of TGF-β and a TGF-β inhibitor, Galunisertib (LY2157299).

Differential Effects of Histone Deacetylases on the Expression of NKG2D Ligands and NK Cell-Mediated Anticancer Immunity in Lung Cancer Cells.

Histone acetylation is an epigenetic mechanism that regulates the expression of various genes, such as natural killer group 2, member D (NKG2D) ligands. These NKG2D ligands are the key molecules that activate immune cells expressing the NKG2D receptor. It has been observed that cancer cells overexpress histone deacetylases (HDACs) and show reduced acetylation of nuclear histones.

An inhibitor of programmed death ligand 1 enhances natural killer cell-mediated immunity against malignant melanoma cells.

Since ionizing radiation has showed the dramatic effect to kill the cancer cells through direct DNA damage as well as triggering anti-cancer immune responses including induction of NKG2D ligands, it has used for long time to treat many cancer patients. However, it has been known that radiotherapy might promote the remnant cancer cells to escape immune system and metastasis. One of the suggested ways of immune evasion is induction of a ligand for programmed death-1 (PD-L1) in head and neck cancer, bladder cancer and lung cancer cells which engages the receptor, programmed death-1 (PD-1) in immune cells.

Role of Sevoflurane on Natural Killer Group 2, Member D-Mediated Immune Response in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: An In Vitro Study.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sevoflurane on cancer immunosurveillance and metastasis in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MATERIAL AND METHODS NCI-H23 cells, a human NSCLC cell line, were incubated with or without sevoflurane at the concentrations of 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μM for 6 h.