The Functional and Structural Succession of Mesic-Grassland Soil Microbiomes Beneath Decomposing Large Herbivore Carcasses.

Plant detritus is abundant in grasslands but decomposes slowly and is relatively nutrient-poor, whereas animal carcasses are labile and nutrient-rich. Recent studies have demonstrated that labile nutrients from carcasses can significantly alter the long-term soil microbial function at an ecosystem scale. However, there is a paucity of knowledge on the functional and structural response and temporal scale of soil microbiomes beneath large herbivore carcasses.

Emotional words evoke region- and valence-specific patterns of concurrent neuromodulator release in human thalamus and cortex.

Words represent a uniquely human information channel-humans use words to express thoughts and feelings and to assign emotional valence to experience. Work from model organisms suggests that valence assignments are carried out in part by the neuromodulators dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. Here, we ask whether valence signaling by these neuromodulators extends to word semantics in humans by measuring sub-second neuromodulator dynamics in the thalamus (N = 13) and anterior cingulate cortex (N = 6) of individuals evaluating positive, negative, and neutrally valenced words.

Dissipative Landau-Zener tunneling in the crossover regime from weak to strong environment coupling.

Landau-Zener tunneling, which describes the transition in a two-level system during a sweep through an anti-crossing, is a model applicable to a wide range of physical phenomena. Realistic quantum systems are affected by dissipation due to coupling to their environments. An important aspect of understanding such open quantum systems is the relative energy scales of the system itself and the system-environment coupling, which distinguishes the weak- and strong-coupling regimes.

An integrated photonic engine for programmable atomic control.

Solutions for scalable, high-performance optical control are important for the development of scaled atom-based quantum technologies. Modulation of many individual optical beams is central to applying arbitrary gate and control sequences on arrays of atoms or atom-like systems. At telecom wavelengths, miniaturization of optical components via photonic integration has pushed the scale and performance of classical and quantum optics far beyond the limitations of bulk devices.

Parental Perceptions and Practices Regarding Pain Management and Medical Marijuana Use in Patients With Sickle Cell Disease.

Parental strategies for home management of pain crisis in children with sickle cell anemia are not well studied. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) are thought of as the mainstay of home and in-patient pain management for pediatric patients with sickle cell disease. Parents and providers often fear the use of opioids due to the risk of addiction.

COL9A1-related disorder with pectus carinatum, without epiphyseal dysplasia: case report and review of literature.

COL9A1 encodes the alpha-1 chain of type IX collagen heterotrimer, which is a vital component of collagen fibrils in hyaline cartilage. There are preliminary lines of evidence suggesting that COL9A1 mutations may be associated with autosomal dominant multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED), a disorder affecting the epiphysis of long bones. With only 2 reported cases (both from the same family) of MED in autosomal dominant COL9A1-related disorders (MIM 614135) in the clinical scientific literature hitherto, the phenotype is poorly understood at present.

Attitudes towards models of abortion care in sexual and reproductive health: perspectives of Australian health professionals.

Background Abortion care is typically undertaken by doctors; however, alternate models, including nurse-led care, are increasingly seen as viable alternatives. However, attitudes towards the leadership of alternate models can be a barrier to change. We explored the acceptability of different models of abortion care, and whether attitudes differed by health profession for those working in sexual and reproductive health.

Type IV pili-associated secretion of a biofilm matrix protein from that forms intermolecular isopeptide bonds.

is a Gram-positive anaerobic spore-forming bacterial pathogen of humans and animals. also produces type IV pili (T4P) and has two complete sets of T4P-associated genes, one of which has been shown to produce surface pili needed for cell adherence. One hypothesis about the role of the other set of T4P genes is that they could comprise a system analogous to the type II secretion systems (TTSS) found in Gram-negative bacteria, which is used to export folded proteins from the periplasm through the outer membrane to the extracellular environment.

Neurological Complications Associated With the Powassan Virus and Treatment Interventions.

Powassan virus (POWV), a flavivirus transmitted by ticks, poses significant neurological risks, including encephalitis and meningitis. Despite its growing geographical spread and severe clinical manifestations, no specific antiviral treatments are currently available. This review synthesizes the existing literature on POWV, focusing on its epidemiology, clinical manifestations, neurological impact, and current treatment approaches.

An online survey of perspectives towards the impact of the covid-19 pandemic amongst caregivers of adolescents with ASD.

Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has had a negative impact on the health and mental health of adolescents and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and their caregivers, have been disproportionally affected. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on Thai caregivers and adolescents with ASD.

Methods: This study used an online survey with closed and free text questions to investigate how the pandemic had impacted on social skills development and psychological variables, and perceived needs for support.

Variation in Use of Neuroimaging in the Care of Infants Undergoing Subspecialty Evaluations for Abuse: A Multicenter Study.

Objectives: 1) To quantify hospital-level variation in use of neuroimaging to screen for intracranial injury (ICI) among infants without overt signs or symptoms of head trauma undergoing subspecialty evaluations for physical abuse; 2) to assess for disproportionality in neuroimaging based on race and ethnicity and insurance type.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of infants age <12 months receiving subspecialty child abuse evaluations from February 2021 to December 2022 at 10 sites in CAPNET, a multicenter child abuse research network. Infants were included if they underwent a skeletal survey and lacked overt signs of possible ICI or blunt head injury.

The Effects of Cognitive Remediation on Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Illness: A Meta-analytic Investigation of Efficacy.

Background And Hypothesis: The number of clinical efficacy trials of Cognitive Remediation (CR), a behavioral intervention consisting of cognitive task practice and/or strategy training to improve cognitive skills in schizophrenia, has increased substantially over the past 25 years. While recent reviews have highlighted the effects of CR on cognition and function, CR effects on negative symptoms remain understudied. Given the overlap between negative symptoms and cognition, CR effects might be expected.

The use and impact of pathology tests in emergency department patients with mental health-related complaints: A cross sectional study.

Objective: To evaluate the use and impact of pathology tests in patients who present to the ED with mental health-related complaints. The primary objective is to measure the proportion of patients undergoing pathology tests and assess whether these tests trigger a change in management.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we reviewed all recorded mental health presentations to our regional ED between January and June 2021.

Yield of skeletal surveys in national network of child abuse pediatricians: Age is key.

Background: Skeletal surveys (SS) are recommended for the evaluation of suspected physical abuse in children <2 years old. No guidelines exist for SS completion in children between 2 and 5 years old.

Objective: To determine rates of SS completion by age and examine variables associated with occult fracture identification in older children.

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Mobile App Use for Meeting Sexual Partners Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men and Young Transgender Women: Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Young men who have sex with men and young transgender women (YMSM-YTW) use online spaces to meet sexual partners with increasing regularity, and research shows that experiences of racism online mimics the real world.

Objective: We analyzed differences by race and ethnicity in web-based and mobile apps used to meet sexual partners as reported by Chicago-based YMSM-YTW in 2016-2017.

Methods: A racially and ethnically diverse sample of 643 YMSM-YTW aged 16-29 years were asked to name websites or mobile apps used to seek a sexual partner in the prior 6 months, as well as provide information about sexual partnerships from the same period.

The influence of therapy quality on outcomes from behavioural activation and guided self-help treatments for depression in adults with intellectual disabilities.

Objectives: We report the effect of quality of therapy delivery on outcomes in a randomized, controlled trial of behavioural activation (BA) and guided self-help (GSH) for depression in adults with intellectual disabilities.

Methods: A study specific measure of quality was used in a linear mixed effect model to determine the effects therapy and therapy quality on therapy outcome.

Results: There was a significant interaction between quality and treatment type, with lower quality therapy associated with better outcome for GSH but poorer outcome for BA, with little difference in outcomes at higher levels of therapy quality.

Do measures of gain asymmetry and catch-up saccades improve video head impulse test agreement with caloric results?

Objective: To investigate the relative sensitivity and agreement of caloric testing and video head impulse test (vHIT) across four groups of vestibular disorders.

Methods: Caloric and vHIT results of 118 patients with either Ménière's disease, vestibular neuritis/labyrinthitis, vestibular migraine, or vestibular schwannoma were retrospectively analyzed. vHIT gain, gain asymmetry, and catch-up-saccades (≥100°/sec) were compared with reference limits of 91 controls.

Understanding capabilities, opportunities and motivations to engage in physical activity for adults with intellectual disabilities: A qualitative evidence synthesis.

Background: There is a paucity of theory-informed physical activity research with adults with intellectual disabilities. This study aimed to address this by synthesising existing literature and applying the COM-B model to understand capabilities, opportunities and motivations.

Methods: A qualitative evidence synthesis was conducted and reported in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and the ENTREQ.

Experiences of and treatment preferences for insomnia in autistic adults: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.

Insomnia and insomnia symptoms are frequent experiences of autistic people resulting in pronounced daytime effects and poor quality of life. This study employed an Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis approach to explore lived experiences of autistic adults with insomnia, perspectives on current available interventions and future treatment preferences. Twelve participants (aged 21-48 years old) were interviewed following screening for insomnia, using the Sleep Condition Indicator (scores ranged from 1 to 12; cut off >16).