Injury to the Main Branch of the Saphenous Nerve following Hamstring Tendon Graft Harvesting: A Report of 3 Cases.

Background: Hamstring tendon grafts are commonly utilized tendon autografts; however, the harvesting procedure can result in saphenous nerve injury due to its proximity to the semitendinosus and gracilis tendons. Injury to the main branch of the saphenous nerve is a less commonly reported and understood injury during these procedures.

Purpose: This case report aimed to identify and present cases of iatrogenic injury to the main branch of the saphenous nerve during hamstring tendon graft harvesting.

Surgical Outcomes in Octogenarians with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction following Isolated Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting-A Propensity Score Matched Analysis.

The demographic shift towards an aging population necessitates a reevaluation of surgical interventions like coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in octogenarians. This study aims to elucidate the outcomes of CABG in octogenarians with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), a group traditionally considered at high risk for such procedures. Conducted across four academic hospitals in Germany from 2017 to 2023, this retrospective multicenter study assessed 100 patients (50 octogenarians ≥80 years and 50 non-octogenarians <80 years) with HFrEF undergoing isolated CABG.

Explainable Boosting Machine approach identifies risk factors for acute renal failure.

Background: Risk stratification and outcome prediction are crucial for intensive care resource planning. In addressing the large data sets of intensive care unit (ICU) patients, we employed the Explainable Boosting Machine (EBM), a novel machine learning model, to identify determinants of acute kidney injury (AKI) in these patients. AKI significantly impacts outcomes in the critically ill.

Unraveling the Predictors for Delirium and ICU Stay Duration in Patients with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF) Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting-A Multicentric Analysis.

This study assesses predictors for postoperative delirium (POD) and ICU stay durations in HFrEF patients undergoing CABG, focusing on ONCAB versus OPCAB surgical methods. In cardiac surgery, especially CABG, POD significantly impacts patient recovery and healthcare resource utilization. With varying incidences based on surgical techniques, this study provides an in-depth analysis of POD in the context of HFrEF patients, a group particularly susceptible to this complication.

Semaphorin 7A coordinates neutrophil response during pulmonary inflammation and sepsis.

Pulmonary defense mechanisms are critical for host integrity during pneumonia and sepsis. This defense is fundamentally dependent on the activation of neutrophils during the innate immune response. Recent work has shown that semaphorin 7A (Sema7A) holds significant impact on platelet function, yet its role on neutrophil function within the lung is not well understood.

One-Year Outcomes of the Anatomical Front and Back Reconstruction for Scapholunate Dissociation.

Purpose: Anatomical front and back (ANAFAB) reconstruction addresses the critical volar and dorsal ligaments associated with scapholunate dissociation. We hypothesized that patients with symptomatic, chronic, late-stage scapholunate dissociation would demonstrate improvements in all radiographic parameters and patient-reported outcomes (PROMs) after ANAFAB reconstruction.

Methods: From 2018 to 2021, 21 ANAFAB reconstructions performed by a single surgeon were followed prospectively, with 20 patients having a minimum follow-up of 12 months.

Back to Basics: Pediatric Casting Techniques, Pearls, and Pitfalls.

Cast application is a critical portion of pediatric orthopaedic surgery training and is being performed by a growing number of non-orthopaedic clinicians including primary care physicians and advanced practice providers (APPs). Given the tremendous remodeling potential of pediatric fractures, correct cast placement often serves as the definitive treatment in this age population as long as alignment is maintained. Proper cast application technique is typically taught through direct supervision from more senior clinicians, with little literature and few resources available for providers to review during the learning process.

Patient-Related Factors Associated with Adverse Outcomes Following Weaning from Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

Background: Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vaECMO) removal reflects a critical moment and factors of adverse outcomes are incompletely understood. Thus, we studied various patient-related factors during vaECMO removal to determine their association with outcomes.

Methods: A total of 58 patients from a university hospital were included retrospectively.

Early vvECMO implantation may be associated with lower mortality in ARDS.

Background: Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vvECMO) is used to treat hypoxia in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Nevertheless, uncertainty exists regarding the optimal timing of initiation of vvECMO therapy. We aimed to investigate the association between number of days of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) prior to vvECMO implantation and mortality.

Cementless tapered wedge stems in patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty with Dorr C bone-are complication risks increased?

Background: The use of cementless femoral stems in patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) with Dorr C bone remains controversial for fear of fracture or subsidence. Purpose of this multicenter study was to compare clinical outcomes and complications of THA using a tapered femoral prosthesis in patients with Dorr C bone versus Dorr A/B bone.

Methods: A total of 1,030 patients underwent primary THA with a tapered wedge femoral stem at a minimum one year follow up.

Artificial intelligence-based applications in shoulder surgery leaves much to be desired: a systematic review.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) aims to simulate human intelligence using automated computer algorithms. There has been a rapid increase in research applying AI to various subspecialties of orthopedic surgery, including shoulder surgery. The purpose of this review is to assess the scope and validity of current clinical AI applications in shoulder surgery literature.

Hip resurfacing arthroplasty as an alternative to total hip arthroplasty in patients aged under 40 years.

Aims: The aims of the study were to report for a cohort aged younger than 40 years: 1) indications for HRA; 2) patient-reported outcomes in terms of the modified Harris Hip Score (HHS); 3) dislocation rate; and 4) revision rate.

Methods: This retrospective analysis identified 267 hips from 224 patients who underwent an hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA) from a single fellowship-trained surgeon using the direct lateral approach between 2007 and 2019. Inclusion criteria was minimum two-year follow-up, and age younger than 40 years.

Daptomycin Pharmacokinetics in Blood and Wound Fluid in Critical Ill Patients with Left Ventricle Assist Devices.

Daptomycin is a cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic with bactericidal effects against multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE). For critically ill patients, especially in the presence of implants, daptomycin is an important therapeutic option. Left ventricle assist devices (LVADs) can be utilized for intensive care patients with end-stage heart failure as a bridge to transplant.

Inhaled prostacyclin therapy in the acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled multicenter trial.

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) results in significant hypoxia, and ARDS is the central pathology of COVID-19. Inhaled prostacyclin has been proposed as a therapy for ARDS, but data regarding its role in this syndrome are unavailable. Therefore, we investigated whether inhaled prostacyclin would affect the oxygenation and survival of patients suffering from ARDS.

COVID-19 does not influence functional status after ARDS therapy.

Rationale: Health-related quality of life after surviving acute respiratory distress syndrome has come into focus in recent years, especially during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Objectives: A total of 144 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by COVID-19 or of other origin were recruited in a randomized multicenter trial.

Methods: Clinical data during intensive care treatment and data up to 180 days after study inclusion were collected.

Membrane oxygenator longevity was higher in argatroban-treated patients undergoing vvECMO.

Background: In severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vvECMO) can be a lifesaver. However, anticoagulation therapy is mandatory because the nonendothelial extracorporeal surface increases the risk of thromboembolic problems. Heparin is still the most common anticoagulant, but argatroban could be an alternative.

Increased Pitch Velocity Is Associated With Throwing Arm Kinetics, Injury Risk, and Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction in Adolescent, Collegiate, and Professional Baseball Pitchers: A Qualitative Systematic Review.

Purpose: To assess the relationship between pitch velocity and throwing arm kinetics, injury, and ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction (UCLr) among high school, collegiate, and professional baseball pitchers.

Methods: The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed (2008-2019), and OVID/MEDLINE (2008-2019) were queried for articles that reported on pitch velocity predicting throwing arm kinetics, injury, or UCLr. The Methodological Index for Non-randomized Studies checklist was used to evaluate the quality of all included studies.

Corrigendum: Methylene blue dosing strategies in critically ill adults with shock-A retrospective cohort study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.

Methylene blue dosing strategies in critically ill adults with shock-A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Shock increases mortality in the critically ill and the mainstay of therapy is the administration of vasopressor agents to achieve hemodynamic targets. In the past, studies have found that the NO-pathway antagonist methylene blue improves hemodynamics. However, the optimal dosing strategy remains elusive.

Antibody Binding and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Binding Inhibition Is Significantly Reduced for Both the BA.1 and BA.2 Omicron Variants.

Background: The rapid emergence of the Omicron variant and its large number of mutations led to its classification as a variant of concern (VOC) by the World Health Organization. Subsequently, Omicron evolved into distinct sublineages (eg, BA.1 and BA.

COVID-19 patient serum less potently inhibits ACE2-RBD binding for various SARS-CoV-2 RBD mutants.

As global vaccination campaigns against SARS-CoV-2 proceed, there is particular interest in the longevity of immune protection, especially with regard to increasingly infectious virus variants. Neutralizing antibodies (Nabs) targeting the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 are promising correlates of protective immunity and have been successfully used for prevention and therapy. As SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) are known to affect binding to the ACE2 receptor and by extension neutralizing activity, we developed a bead-based multiplex ACE2-RBD inhibition assay (RBDCoV-ACE2) as a highly scalable, time-, cost-, and material-saving alternative to infectious live-virus neutralization tests.

Artificial Intelligence for Automated Implant Identification in Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Multicenter External Validation Study Exceeding Two Million Plain Radiographs.

Background: The surgical management of complications after total hip arthroplasty (THA) necessitates accurate identification of the femoral implant manufacturer and model. Automated image processing using deep learning has been previously developed and internally validated; however, external validation is necessary prior to responsible application of artificial intelligence (AI)-based technologies.

Methods: We trained, validated, and externally tested a deep learning system to classify femoral-sided THA implants as one of the 8 models from 2 manufacturers derived from 2,954 original, deidentified, retrospectively collected anteroposterior plain radiographs across 3 academic referral centers and 13 surgeons.

Pectoralis muscle injuries in Major and Minor League Baseball.

Background And Hypothesis: Although shoulder and elbow injuries in professional baseball players have been thoroughly studied, little is known about the frequency and impact of pectoralis muscle injuries in this population. The purpose of this study was to use the official league injury surveillance system to describe pectoralis muscle injuries in professional baseball players in Major League Baseball (MLB) and Minor League Baseball (MiLB). Specifically, (1) player demographic characteristics, (2) return to play (RTP), (3) injury mechanism, (4) throwing- and batting-side dominance, and (5) injury rate per athlete exposure (AE) were characterized to guide future injury prevention strategies.