Patterns of diversity in biomedical coauthorships: An analysis across authors' ethnicity, gender, age, and expertise.

Multiple studies have linked diversity in scientific collaborations to innovative and impactful research. Here, we explore how different diversity indices-ethnicity, gender, academic age, and topical expertise-interact and thereby influence scientific impact. Leveraging nearly 900,000 biomedical journal articles from PubMed, published in major journals between 1991 and 2014, we investigate the nuanced relationships among these diversity indices and their collective influence on research outcomes.

Extract Inhibits Periodontitis-Inducing Mediators in Lipopolysaccharide-Activated RAW 264.7 Cells.

Periodontitis, a disease caused by inflammation of oral bacteria, contributes to the loss of alveolar bone and destruction of connective tissues. , a Gram-negative bacterium, is known to possess important pathogenic factors for periodontal disease. In this study, we investigated the anti-periodontitis effects of extract (MKE) and magnolin as a component of (MK) in murine macrophage RAW 264.

Distribution of Species and Comparative Results of Diagnostic Methods for Identifying in Experimental Mice in Korea.

The genus , composed of Gram-positive diphtheroid rod-shaped bacteria, induces severe diseases, such as -associated hyperkeratosis and pseudotuberculosis, in immunodeficient mice. We isolated and identified a total of 165 strains of species from experimental mice in Korean laboratories, diagnosed using several methods. When identified based on molecular methods, namely, 16S and gene sequence analysis, the main species isolated in Korean laboratory mice were (44.

Deciphering the key factors determining spatio-temporal heterogeneity of cyanobacterial bloom dynamics in the Nakdong River with consecutive large weirs.

Following the construction of eight large weirs in a 200-km section of the Nakdong River, which is a major water source for the region, harmful cyanobacterial blooms have been occurring annually, causing severe problems with water quality. The present study investigated the community structure of harmful cyanobacteria and identified temporal and spatial patterns in harmful cyanobacterial blooms and their dynamic relationships with physicochemical, hydrological, and meteorological variables in the eight weir sections for 6 years from 2013 to 2018. The dominant harmful cyanobacteria in the eight weir sections were Aphanizomenon and Microcystis spp.

Nitrogen Stimulates -Dominated Blooms More than Phosphorus in River Conditions That Favor Non-Nitrogen-Fixing Genera.

Despite the implementation of intensive phosphorus reduction measures, periodic outbreaks of cyanobacterial blooms in large rivers remain a problem in Korea, raising the need for more effective solutions to reduce their occurrence. This study sought to evaluate whether phosphorus or nitrogen limitation is an effective approach to control cyanobacterial () blooms in river conditions that favor this non-nitrogen-fixing genus. These conditions include nutrient enrichment, high water temperature, and thermal stratification during summer.

Cellular Response of Ventricular-Subventricular Neural Progenitor/Stem Cells to Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury and Their Enhanced Neurogenesis.

Purpose: To elucidate the brain's intrinsic response to injury, we tracked the response of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) located in ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HI). We also evaluated whether transduction of V-SVZ NSPCs with neurogenic factor could enhance their neurogenesis in HI.

Materials And Methods: Unilateral HI was induced in ICR neonatal mice.

Impact of intraoperative zero-balance fluid therapy on the occurrence of acute kidney injury in patients who had undergone colorectal cancer resection within an enhanced recovery after surgery protocol: a propensity score matching analysis.

Purpose: An enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol for colorectal cancer resection encourages perioperative euvolemic status, and zero-balance fluid therapy is recommended for low-risk patients. Recently, several studies have reported concerns of increased acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients within an ERAS protocol. In the present study, we investigated the impact of intraoperative zero-balance fluid therapy within an ERAS protocol on postoperative AKI.

Comparison between Post-Operative Analgesic Efficacy of Low-Concentration High-Volume and High-Concentration Low-Volume Combinations of Ropivacaine for Transverse Abdominis Plane Block in Pediatric Open Inguinal Hernia Repair.

Transverse abdominis plane (TAP) block can provide post-operative analgesia in children undergoing open inguinal hernia repair. However, the optimal anesthetic dose, and concentration for TAP block in the pediatric population, is not well defined. This study compared the post-operative analgesic effect of TAP block between low-concentration, with high-volume (LCHV) and high-concentration, with low-volume (HCLV) combinations of local anesthetic.

[Development of an Aging Anxiety Scale for Middle-Aged Women].

Purpose: This was a methodological study that aimed to develop a measurement scale for aging anxiety among middle-aged women.

Methods: In this study, construct factors were extracted, and a conceptual framework was established through an extensive literature review and in-depth interviews with middle-aged women. Under the conceptual framework, 44 preliminary items were constructed, and a preliminary scale of 25 items was completed after two rounds of expert validation and item review.

Molecular Verification of Bloom-forming and Their Secondary Metabolites in the Nakdong River.

spp. have formed harmful cyanobacterial blooms in the Nakdong River during spring, autumn, and now in winter, and the expansion of blooming period and area, associated with the global warming is predicted. The genus has been described to produce harmful secondary metabolites such as off-flavors and cyanotoxins.

LRRK2 Kinase Activity Induces Mitochondrial Fission in Microglia via Drp1 and Modulates Neuroinflammation.

Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) mutations are the most common genetic cause of Parkinson's disease (PD). LRRK2 contains a functional kinase domain and G2019S, the most prevalent LRRK2 pathogenic mutation, increases its kinase activity. LRRK2 regulates mitochondria morphology and autophagy in neurons.

Brain and spinal cord injury repair by implantation of human neural progenitor cells seeded onto polymer scaffolds.

Hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury and spinal cord injury (SCI) lead to extensive tissue loss and axonal degeneration. The combined application of the polymer scaffold and neural progenitor cells (NPCs) has been reported to enhance neural repair, protection and regeneration through multiple modes of action following neural injury. This study investigated the reparative ability and therapeutic potentials of biological bridges composed of human fetal brain-derived NPCs seeded upon poly(glycolic acid)-based scaffold implanted into the infarction cavity of a neonatal HI brain injury or the hemisection cavity in an adult SCI.

Neurogenin-2-transduced human neural progenitor cells attenuate neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.

Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury leads to high mortality and neurodevelopmental disabilities. Multipotent neural progenitor cells (NPCs) with self-renewing capacity have the potential to reduce neuronal loss and improve the compromised environment in the HI brain injury. However, the therapeutic efficacy of neuronal-committed progenitor cells and the underlying mechanisms of recovery are not yet fully understood.

Application of Topical Acids Improves Atopic Dermatitis in Murine Model by Enhancement of Skin Barrier Functions Regardless of the Origin of Acids.

Background: The acidic pH of the stratum corneum (SC) is important for epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis. Acidification of the skin surface has been suggested as a therapeutic strategy for skin disorders such as atopic dermatitis (AD).

Objective: We performed an animal study to evaluate the usefulness of acidification of SC for inhibition of AD lesions and to find out if the therapeutic effect of vinegar is attributable to its herbal contents, rather than its acidity.

Korea Brain Initiative: Integration and Control of Brain Functions.

This article introduces the history and the long-term goals of the Korea Brain Initiative, which is centered on deciphering the brain functions and mechanisms that mediate the integration and control of brain functions that underlie decision-making. The goal of this initiative is the mapping of a functional connectome with searchable, multi-dimensional, and information-integrated features. The project also includes the development of novel technologies and neuro-tools for integrated brain mapping.

Acidification of stratum corneum prevents the progression from atopic dermatitis to respiratory allergy.

The presence of congenitally impaired skin barrier followed by atopic dermatitis (AD) is an initial step in the atopic march. The maintenance of acidic pH in the stratum corneum (SC) has been suggested as a therapeutic or preventive strategy for barrier impairment caused by skin inflammation. To determine whether an AD murine model, flaky tail mice, with inherited filaggrin deficiency could develop airway inflammation by repeated topical application followed by nasal inhalation of house dust mite (HDM) antigen (defined as a novel "atopic march animal model"), and whether maintenance of an acidic SC environment by continuous application of acidic cream could interrupt the following atopic march.

Atopic March from Atopic Dermatitis to Asthma-Like Lesions in NC/Nga Mice Is Accelerated or Aggravated by Neutralization of Stratum Corneum but Partially Inhibited by Acidification.

Prolonged and/or repeated damage to the skin barrier followed by atopic dermatitis (AD) is an initial step in atopic march that ultimately progresses to respiratory allergy. Maintaining normal stratum corneum (SC) acidity has been suggested as a therapeutic or preventive strategy for barrier impairment caused by skin inflammation. We determined whether a representative AD murine model, NC/Nga mice, develops airway inflammation after repeated epicutaneous application followed by inhalation of house dust mite (HDM), implying atopic march, and whether prolongation of non-proper SC acidity accelerates respiratory allergy.

Human neural stem cells alleviate Alzheimer-like pathology in a mouse model.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an inexorable neurodegenerative disease that commonly occurs in the elderly. The cognitive impairment caused by AD is associated with abnormal accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau, which are accompanied by inflammation. Neural stem cells (NSCs) are self-renewing, multipotential cells that differentiate into distinct neural cells.

Human fetal brain-derived neural stem/progenitor cells grafted into the adult epileptic brain restrain seizures in rat models of temporal lobe epilepsy.

Cell transplantation has been suggested as an alternative therapy for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) because this can suppress spontaneous recurrent seizures in animal models. To evaluate the therapeutic potential of human neural stem/progenitor cells (huNSPCs) for treating TLE, we transplanted huNSPCs, derived from an aborted fetal telencephalon at 13 weeks of gestation and expanded in culture as neurospheres over a long time period, into the epileptic hippocampus of fully kindled and pilocarpine-treated adult rats exhibiting TLE. In vitro, huNSPCs not only produced all three central nervous system neural cell types, but also differentiated into ganglionic eminences-derived γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic interneurons and released GABA in response to the depolarization induced by a high K+ medium.

Topical acidic cream prevents the development of atopic dermatitis- and asthma-like lesions in murine model.

Long-standing or repeated skin barrier damage followed by atopic dermatitis (AD) is the initial step of the atopic march that eventually progresses to respiratory allergies. Maintenance of an acidic pH in the stratum corneum (SC) is an important factor for normal skin barrier function. We performed this study to determine whether an oxazolone (Ox)-induced AD murine model can develop airway inflammation by topical application and nasal inhalation of a house dust mite, Dermatofagoides pteronyssinus (Dp), which is a novel 'atopic march animal model', and whether an acidic SC environment, made by repeated application of acidic cream, can interrupt this atopic march.