A Novel Antioxidant Peptide Mitigates Oxidative Stress in Irradiated CHO-K1 Cells.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), byproducts of cellular metabolism and environmental factors, are linked to diseases like cancer and aging. Antioxidant peptides (AOPs) have emerged as effective countermeasures against ROS-induced damage. The genus is well known for its extraordinary resilience to ionizing radiation (IR) and possesses complex antioxidant systems designed to neutralize ROS generated by IR.

The combination of calreticulin-targeting L-ASNase and anti-PD-L1 antibody modulates the tumor immune microenvironment to synergistically enhance the antitumor efficacy of radiotherapy.

Radiotherapy (RT) triggers immunogenic cell death (ICD). L-ASNase, which catalyzes the conversion of asparagine (Asn), thereby depleting it, is used in the treatment of blood cancers. In previous work, we showed that CRT3LP and CRT4LP, PASylated L-ASNases conjugated to the calreticulin (CRT)-specific monobodies CRT3 and CRT4, increase the efficacy of ICD-inducing chemotherapy.

Low-dose radiation therapy suppresses viral pneumonia by enhancing broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory responses via transforming growth factor-β production.

Low-dose radiation therapy (LDRT) can suppress intractable inflammation, such as that in rheumatoid arthritis, and is used for treating more than 10,000 rheumatoid arthritis patients annually in Europe. Several recent clinical trials have reported that LDRT can effectively reduce the severity of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and other cases of viral pneumonia. However, the therapeutic mechanism of LDRT remains unelucidated.

Gamma Irradiation-Inactivated Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine Provides Protection but Exacerbates Pulmonary Inflammation by Switching from Prefusion to Postfusion F Protein.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common respiratory pathogen that causes lower respiratory diseases among infants and elderly people. Moreover, formalin-inactivated RSV (FI-RSV) vaccine induces serious enhanced respiratory disease (ERD). Radiation has been investigated as an alternative approach for producing inactivated or live-attenuated vaccines, which enhance the antigenicity and heterogeneous protective effects of vaccines compared with conventional formalin inactivation.

Radioprotection of deinococcal exopolysaccharide BRD125 by regenerating hematopoietic stem cells.

There is a substantial need for the development of biomaterials for protecting hematopoietic stem cells and enhancing hematopoiesis after radiation damage. Bacterial exopolysaccharide (EPS) has been shown to be very attractive to researchers as a radioprotectant owing to its high antioxidant, anti-cancer, and limited adverse effects. In the present study, we isolated EPS from a novel strain, BRD125, which produces EPS in high abundance, and investigated its applicability as a radioprotective biomaterial.

18:0 Lyso PC Derived by Bioactivity-Based Molecular Networking from Lentil Mutant Lines and Its Effects on High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice.

Lentil (; Fabaceae), one of the major pulse crops in the world, is an important source of proteins, prebiotics, lipids, and essential minerals as well as functional components such as flavonoids, polyphenols, and phenolic acids. To improve crop nutritional and medicinal traits, hybridization and mutation are widely used in plant breeding research. In this study, mutant lentil populations were generated by γ-irradiation for the development of new cultivars by inducing genetic diversity.

Repeated Irradiation with γ-Ray Induces Cancer Stemness through TGF-β-DLX2 Signaling in the A549 Human Lung Cancer Cell Line.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in cancer recurrence and metastasis. It is suggested that the CSC properties in heterogeneous cancer cells can be induced by ionizing radiation (IR). This study investigated the role of DLX2 in the radioresistance and CSC properties induced by IR in NSCLC cancer cells.

Depletion of NK Cells Resistant to Ionizing Radiation Increases Mutations in Mice After Whole-body Irradiation.

Background: Ionizing radiation is a very powerful genetic mutagenic agent. Although immune cells are very sensitive to radiation, their sensitivity varies between different types of immune cell. We hypothesized that radiation-resistant immune cells survive after irradiation and then play a role in removing mutant cells.

Ionizing Radiation Promotes Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Lung Epithelial Cells by TGF-β-producing M2 Macrophages.

Background/aim: Ionizing radiation induces pulmonary fibrosis, which is a common dose-limiting complication in patients receiving radiotherapy. Fibrosis occurs through the accumulation of large amounts of ECM components, synthesized by myofibroblasts in damaged lung tissue. Epithelial cells serve as one of the cellular sources of myofibroblasts via the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process.

Protective effects of a standardized extract (HemoHIM) using indomethacin- and ethanol/HCl-induced gastric mucosal injury models.

HemoHIM is a medicinal herbal preparation of Nakai (Apiaceae), Makino (Umbelliferae), and Miyabe (Paeoniaceae) developed for immune regulation. HemoHIM has been investigated for its ability to enhance tissue self-renewal and stimulate immune systems. To date, studies on the protective effects of HemoHIM against gastritis and gastric ulcers have not been conducted.

Diospyros kaki calyx inhibits immediate-type hypersensitivity via the reduction of mast cell activation.

Context: Diospyros kaki L. (Ebenaceae) fruit is widely distributed in Asia and is known to exert anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic effects.

Objective: We evaluated the inhibitory effect of aqueous extract of D.

2-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid attenuates mast cell-mediated allergic reaction in mice via modulation of the FcεRI signaling pathway.

Mast cells are important effector cells in immunoglobulin (Ig) E-mediated allergic reactions such as asthma, atopic dermatitis and rhinitis. Vanillic acid, a natural product, has shown anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In the present study, we investigated the anti-allergic inflammatory effects of ortho-vanillic acid (2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid, o-VA) that was a derivative of vanillic acid isolated from Amomum xanthioides.

Herbal preparation (HemoHIM) enhanced functional maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells mediated toll-like receptor 4.

Background: HemoHIM, which is an herbal preparation of three edible herbs (Angelicam gigas Nakai, Cnidium offinale Makino, and Peaonia japonica Miyabe), is known to have various biological and immunological activities, but the modulatory effects of this preparation on dendritic cells (DCs)-mediated immune responses have not been examined previously. DCs are a unique group of white blood cells that initiate primary immune responses by capturing, processing, and presenting antigens to T cells.

Results: In the present study, we investigated the effect of HemoHIM on the functional and phenotypic maturation of murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) both in vitro and in vivo.

Ionizing Radiation Induces Altered Neuronal Differentiation by mGluR1 through PI3K-STAT3 Signaling in C17.2 Mouse Neural Stem-Like Cells.

Most studies of IR effects on neural cells and tissues in the brain are still focused on loss of neural stem cells. On the other hand, the effects of IR on neuronal differentiation and its implication in IR-induced brain damage are not well defined. To investigate the effects of IR on C17.

Anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects of aqueous extract of Pogostemon cablin.

Allergic disease is caused by exposure to normally innocuous substances that activate mast cells. Mast cell-mediated allergic inflammation is closely related to a number of allergic disorders, such as anaphylaxis, allergic rhinitis, asthma and atopic dermatitis. The discovery of drugs for treating allergic disease is an interesting subject and important to human health.

Epicardial fat thickness is associated to type 2 diabetes mellitus in Korean men: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Visceral fat, including epicardial fat (EF) is recognized as a responsible factor of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between EF and diabetes in Korean men.

Methods: EF thickness was measured in the left main coronary artery fat tissue (LMCA-fat) by low-dose chest CT scans in 1,048 Korean men (age above 20 years).

Ionizing radiation induces neuronal differentiation of Neuro-2a cells via PI3-kinase and p53-dependent pathways.

Purpose: The influence of ionizing radiation (IR) on neuronal differentiation is not well defined. In this study, we investigated the effects of IR on the differentiation of Neuro-2a mouse neuroblastoma cells and the involvement of tumor protein 53 (p53) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) during this process.

Materials And Methods: The mouse neuroblastoma Neuro-2a cells were exposed to (137)Cs γ-rays at 4, 8 or 16 Gy.

A design for evaluation of the trauma apportionment in cerebral infarction after trauma.

Objective: Posttraumatic cerebral infarction (CI) is a well-known complication of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the causation and apportionment of trauma in patients with CI after TBI is not easy. There is a scoring method, so-called trauma apportionment score (TAS) for CI, consisted with the age, the interval, and the severity of the TBI.

Classification of ginseng berry (Panax ginseng C.A. MEYER) extract using 1H NMR spectroscopy and its inhibition of lipid accumulation in 3 T3-L1 cells.

Background: Panax ginseng is a famous traditional medicine in Korea for its beneficial effect on obesity, cardiac and liver associated diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the metabolite in Panax ginseng (P. ginseng, Aralicaceae) berries depending on the ripen stages and evaluate its potential inhibition on adipocyte differentiation in 3 T3-L1 cells.

Whole genome and global gene expression analyses of the model mushroom Flammulina velutipes reveal a high capacity for lignocellulose degradation.

Flammulina velutipes is a fungus with health and medicinal benefits that has been used for consumption and cultivation in East Asia. F. velutipes is also known to degrade lignocellulose and produce ethanol.

Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced proinflammatory responses by Buddleja officinalis extract in BV-2 microglial cells via negative regulation of NF-kB and ERK1/2 signaling.

Buddleja officinalis has been traditionally used in the supportive treatment of inflammatory and neuronal diseases in Korea and China. Although several reports have shown the anti-inflammatory effects of Buddleja officinalis, the anti-neuroinflammatory effect has remained unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of flower buds of B.

Preventative effect of an herbal preparation (HemoHIM) on development of airway inflammation in mice via modulation of Th1/2 cells differentiation.

HemoHIM, an herbal preparation of three edible herbs (Angelica gigas Nakai, Cnidium officinale Makino, Paeonia japonica Miyabe) is known to increase the Th1 immune response as well as reduce the allergic response in human mast cells. Here, our goal was to determine whether or not HemoHIM could induce Th1 cell differentiation as well as inhibit the development of airway inflammation. To study Th1/Th2 cell differentiation, naive CD4(+) T cells isolated from C57BL/6 mouse spleens were cultured with or without HemoHIM.