Variability in the association of smoking status with the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the Korean population according to different definitions of smoking status: analysis based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2014-2020).

We evaluated the association between smoking and diabetes, as well as the effects of gender differences and hidden smoking among females on this association using nationally representative data. Analyzing data from 44,049 individuals aged 19 and older, we utilized multivariable logistic regression to investigate associations, controlling for sociodemographic factors. Subgroup analysis based on smoking status determined factors associated with diabetes.

Changing Trends in School Absenteeism and Identification of Associated Factors in Adolescents with Atopic Dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) has a negative influence on school attendance. We aimed to identify factors associated with school absenteeism in adolescents with AD. We used data from the 3rd to 11th annual Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey completed from 2007 to 2015.

Ensemble deep-learning networks for automated osteoarthritis grading in knee X-ray images.

The Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grading system is a scoring system for classifying the severity of knee osteoarthritis using X-ray images, and it is the standard X-ray-based grading system for diagnosing knee osteoarthritis. However, KL grading depends on the clinician's subjective assessment. Moreover, the accuracy varies significantly depending on the clinician's experience and can be particularly low.

Factors Associated with Reaching Mid-Parental Height in Patients Diagnosed with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Childhood and Adolescent Period.

Background/aims: The recent update on the Selecting Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease initiative has added normal growth in children as an intermediate target in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. We aimed to investigate factors associated with reaching mid-parental height (MPH) in patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease in childhood and the adolescent period.

Methods: This multicenter retrospective observational study included pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease that had reached adult height.

Case Report: Development of Type 1 Autoimmune Pancreatitis in an Adolescent With Ulcerative Colitis Mimicking Pancreatic Cancer.

Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a rare extraintestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) which is typically responsive to corticosteroid treatment. We report a case of a 17-year-old male diagnosed with ulcerative colitis who subsequently developed acute pancreatitis. Blood tests demonstrated elevated pancreatic enzyme levels of amylase (1319 U/L) and lipase (809 U/L).

Nationwide "Pediatric Nutrition Day" survey on the nutritional status of hospitalized children in South Korea.

Background/objectives: To evaluate the nutritional status and prevalence of malnutrition in hospitalized children at admission and during hospitalization in South Korea.

Subjects/methods: This first cross-sectional nationwide "Pediatric Nutrition Day (pNday)" survey was conducted among 872 hospitalized children (504 boys, 368 girls; 686 medical, 186 surgical) from 23 hospitals in South Korea. Malnutrition risk was screened using the Pediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score (PYMS) and the Screening Tool Risk on Nutritional status and Growth.

Global relationship between parent and child obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The growing prevalence of overweight and/or obese children is an important public health problem in both developed and developing countries. Although the association of obesity between parents and their children is well known, its underlying mechanisms are not well established.

Purpose: This meta-analysis examined parent-child (PC) relationships in obesity and identified factors such as world region and country income level that may influence this relationship.

Association between serum vitamin D and depressive symptoms in apparently healthy male adults undergoing routine health check-ups at a single centre.

Objective: To determine the level of vitamin D and to identify the association between vitamin D and depressive symptoms in apparently healthy Korean male adults.

Design: A retrospective study design. Among 43 513 participants between 1 March and 30 November 2018, after eliminating participants with a history of depression or vitamin D deficiency, 9058 were included.

Variability in sociodemographic factors and obesity in Korean children: a cross-sectional analysis of Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination survey data (2007-2015).

Purpose: Sociodemographic factors are well-known risk factors for childhood obesity, even though the relationship between sociodemographic factors and obesity varies among countries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between sociodemographic factors and obesity in Korean children.

Methods: This study is an analysis of cross-sectional data from the 2007-2009, 2010-2012, and 2013-2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys.

Association between cataract and cotinine-verified smoking status in 11 435 Korean adults using Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2008 to 2016.

Purpose: To investigate the association between cataract and cotinine-verified smoking status.

Setting: Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, South Korea.

Design: Retrospective study.

Korean Children and Adolescents with Crohn's Disease Are More Likely to Present with Perianal Fistulizing Disease at Diagnosis Compared to Their European Counterparts.

Purpose: We aimed to investigate the disease phenotype of Korean pediatric Crohn's disease (CD) patients at diagnosis according to the Paris classification by comparison with patients from the European multicenter 5-years recruitment of children with newly developed IBD (EUROKIDS registry).

Methods: Korean children and adolescents who had been newly diagnosed with CD at the age of <18 years during 2013-2016 were included in this multicenter retrospective study. Disease phenotype at diagnosis was classified according to the Paris classification, and compared with the published data from the EUROKIDS study.

The effect of hidden female smoking on the relationship between smoking and cardiovascular disease.

Background: Smoking is a known risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, but several Korean studies have shown differing results on the association of current smoking status and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between smoking status and CVD (myocardial infarction and stroke) using national representative populationbased samples. The aim was also to investigate the effects of hidden smokers on the association between CVD and smoking.

Relationship of shift work with endoscopic gastritis among workers of an electronics company.

Objectives The current study aimed to examine the cross-sectional association between shift work and gastritis using endoscopic evaluation. Methods We collected questionnaire data from 964 non-shift workers and 290 shift workers aged 22-40 years at an electronics company, comprising age, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, occupational stress, and gastrointestinal symptoms. We performed a gastroendoscopy of participants.

Infliximab Trough Levels Are Associated With Mucosal Healing During Maintenance Treatment With Infliximab in Paediatric Crohn's Disease.

Background And Aims: Mucosal healing is an important treatment goal in Crohn's disease. We investigated the association between serum infliximab trough levels and mucosal healing, and the infliximab cut-off levels required for mucosal healing in paediatric patients.

Methods: In this multicentre, retrospective, cross-sectional study, medical records and electronic data of paediatric patients with luminal Crohn's disease, who had received infliximab for ≥1 year, were examined.

Usefulness of the procalcitonin test in young febrile infants between 1 and 3 months of age.

Purpose: To study the usefulness of the procalcitonin (PCT) test in young febrile infants between 1 and 3 months of age.

Methods: We evaluated the medical records of 336 febrile infants between 1 and 3 months of age who visited the Emergency Department or outpatient department of Samsung Changwon Hospital from May 2015 to February 2017, and analyzed the clinical characteristics between infants in the serious bacterial infection (SBI) group and non-SBI group.

Results: Among the 336 infants, 38 (11.

Protective effect of ginsenoside Rb1 against tacrolimus-induced apoptosis in renal proximal tubular LLC-PK1 cells.

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential protective effects of six ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Rg1, and Rg3) isolated from against tacrolimus (FK506)-induced apoptosis in renal proximal tubular LLC-PK1 cells.

Methods: LLC-PK1 cells were treated with FK506 and ginsenosides, and cell viability was measured. Protein expressions of mitogen-activated protein kinases, caspase-3, and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) were evaluated by Western blotting analyses.

Early Infliximab Yields Superior Long-Term Effects on Linear Growth in Pediatric Crohn's Disease Patients.

Background/aims: Information regarding the efficacy of early infliximab treatment in pediatric patients with Crohn's disease (CD) is limited. We aimed to evaluate the impact of early combined immunosuppression on linear growth in pediatric patients with CD by performing step-up comparisons.

Methods: This retrospective study included pediatric patients with moderate-to-severe CD, who received a combination therapy with infliximab and azathioprine for at least 3 years and sustained corticosteroid-free remission without loss of response.

The Association between Socioeconomic Status and Obesity in Korean Children: An Analysis of the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010-2012).

Purpose: Obesity is one of the most common health problems among children and its prevalence has increased in recent decades. Socioeconomic status (SES) is a well-known risk factor for childhood obesity although the associations were different across countries. Previous studies in other countries have reported a positive association between childhood obesity and SES in developing countries, and inverse correlation has been reported in developed countries.

Pediatric Infection Presenting with Acute Cholestatic Hepatitis and Other Extrapulmonary Manifestations in the Absence of Pneumonia.

infections mainly involve respiratory tract; however, also can manifestate other symptoms by site involved. Extrapulmonary manifestations of infection are rarely known to occur without pneumonia. Herein we report a case of a 9-year-old boy who presented with acute cholestatic hepatitis in the absence of pneumonia.

The association of weather on pediatric emergency department visits in Changwon, Korea (2005-2014).

Background: It is widely believed that patients are less likely to visit hospitals during bad weather. We hypothesized that weather and emergency department (ED) visits are associated. Thus, we investigated the association between pediatric ED visits and weather, and sought to determine whether admissions to the ED are affected by meteorological factors.

Morphology Control of Poly(styrene--dimethylsiloxane) by Simple Blending with Trimethylsilylated Silicate Nanoparticles.

Trimethylsilylated silicate nanoparticle (termed MQ resin, combining M MeSiO and Q SiO units)/poly(styrene--polydimethylsiloxane) (PS-PDMS, 31K-15K, polydispersity PD = 1.15, weight-average molecular weight = 45.5K) blends behave similarly to block copolymers with different PS/PDMS ratios.

Propofol versus Midazolam for Sedation during Esophagogastroduodenoscopy in Children.

Background/aims: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of propofol and midazolam for sedation during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) in children.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the hospital records of 62 children who underwent ambulatory diagnostic EGD during 1-year period. Data were collected from 34 consecutive patients receiving propofol alone.

Delayed response of amylin levels after an oral glucose challenge in children with Prader-Willi syndrome.

Purpose: Amylin secretion is increased parallel to insulin in obese subjects. Despite their marked obesity, a state of relative hypoinsulinemia occurs in children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). Based on the hypothesis that amylin levels may be relatively low in PWS children, contributing to their excessive appetite, we studied amylin levels after oral glucose loading in children with PWS and overweight controls.