Usefulness of non-invasive cardiac output monitoring in elderly patients undergoing monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate: a pilot study.

Objective: To assess the impact of irrigating fluid on hemodynamic profiles using real-time non-invasive cardiac output monitoring (NICOM) in elderly patients undergoing monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP).

Methods: Twenty patients between 65 and 80 years of age who were scheduled for monopolar TURP and received spinal anesthesia up to T10 were enrolled. Irrigating fluid (2.

Comparison of Sufentanil- and Fentanyl-based Intravenous Patient-controlled Analgesia on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting after Laparoscopic Nephrectomy: A Prospective, Double-blind, Randomized-controlled Trial.

: The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) remains high. The effects of sufentanil for PONV is not firmly confirmed. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of sufentanil- and fentanyl-based intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) on the incidence of PONV after laparoscopic nephrectomy.

Analgesic effect of trigger point injection and EMLA for shoulder pain in patients undergoing total laparoscopic hysterectomy: A randomized controlled study.

Backgroud: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of trigger point injection (TPI) and eutectic mixture local anesthetics (EMLA) cream on the postoperative shoulder pain in patients undergoing total laparoscopic hysterectomy.

Methods: In this randomized, single-blinded, and controlled study, total 75 patients were randomly allocated to TPI group (n = 25), EMLA group (n = 25), and control group (n = 25). TPI group received TPIs with 2 mL of 0.

Effect of Combined Treatment of Ketorolac and Remote Ischemic Preconditioning on Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Patients Undergoing Partial Nephrectomy: Pilot Study.

We evaluated postoperative renal function in patients with/without combined therapy of ketorolac and remote ischemic preconditioning during partial nephrectomy. Sixteen patients were randomly allocated to either the ketorolac combined with RIPC group (KI, = 8) or control group ( = 8). The KI group received both remote ischemic preconditioning before surgery and intravenous ketorolac of 1 mg/kg before renal artery clamping.

Caudal and epidural blocks in infants and small children: historical perspective and ultrasound-guided approaches.

In infants and small children, ultrasound (US) guidance provides ample anatomical information to perform neuraxial blocks. We can measure the distance from the skin to the epidural space in the US image and can refer to it during needle insertion. We may also visualize the needle or a catheter during real-time US-guided epidural catheterization.

A randomized comparison of volume- and pressure-controlled ventilation in children with the i-gel: Effects on peak inspiratory pressure, oropharyngeal leak pressure, and gastric insufflation.

Background: The i-gel provides good airway sealing but gastric insufflation may occur when peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) exceeds the sealing pressure of the i-gel without a gastric tube. Pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) provides lower PIP compared with volume-controlled ventilation (VCV) and low PIP may reduce the incidence of gastric insufflation in children during positive pressure ventilation. This study was designed to evaluate PIP, oropharyngeal leak pressure, and gastric insufflation during VCV or PCV in children undergoing general anesthesia with i-gel without a gastric tube in situ.

Reference Intervals of Thromboelastometric Evaluation of Coagulation in Pediatric Patients with Congenital Heart Diseases: A Retrospective Investigation.

BACKGROUND Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM®) is a point-of-care test for coagulation, enabling physicians to make a swift decision. The aim of this investigation was to establish reference intervals of thromboelastometric evaluation for coagulation in pediatric patients with congenital heart diseases (CHD). MATERIAL AND METHODS As baseline data, 3 assays of ROTEM® (INTEM, EXTEM, and FIBTEM) were measured after anesthesia induction.

Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Radial and Ulnar Arterial Vasoreactivity after Radial Artery Cannulation: A Randomized Controlled trial.

Background: Endothelial dysfunction associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) may influence arterial vasoreactivity after arterial stimulus, such as cannulation, and cause changes in diameter and blood flow. Despite the frequent use of arterial cannulation during anesthesia and critical care, little information is available regarding vasoreactivity of the radial and ulnar arteries and its influence on underlying DM.

Methods: Forty non-DM and 40 DM patients, who required arterial cannulation during general anesthesia, were enrolled.

Risk Assessment of Mortality Following Intraoperative Cardiac Arrest Using POSSUM and P-POSSUM in Adults Undergoing Non-Cardiac Surgery.

Purpose: The Physiological and Operative Severity Score for enUmeration of Mortality and morbidity (POSSUM) and its Portsmouth modification (P-POSSUM) are comprehensive assessment methods for evaluating patient and surgical factors widely used to predict 30-day mortality rates. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the usefulness of POSSUM and P-POSSUM in predicting 30-day mortality after intraoperative cardiac arrests in adult patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery.

Materials And Methods: Among 190486 patients who underwent anesthesia, 51 experienced intraoperative cardiac arrest as defined in our study protocol.

The Effect of 1 µg/kg Dexmedetomidine Combined with High-Volume/Low-Concentration Caudal Ropivacaine in Children Undergoing Ambulatory Orchiopexy.

When local anesthetics are used, the administration of dexmedetomidine (DEX) can prolong analgesic duration. However, the effect of caudal DEX on high volume/low concentration (HVLC) local anesthetics has not been studied. We investigated the analgesic effect of DEX added to a HVLC of ropivacaine for caudal block in children.

Adequate sedation with single-dose dexmedetomidine in patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate with spinal anaesthesia: a dose-response study by age group.

Background: Dexmedetomidine (DMT), a highly selective α2-adrenoceptor agonist, has been used safely as a sedative in patients under regional anesthesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the 50% effective dose (ED50) of single-dose DMT to induce adequate light sedation in elderly patients in comparison with younger patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) with spinal anesthesia.

Methods: Forty-two male patients were recruited.

Selective spinal anesthesia using 1 mg of bupivacaine with opioid in elderly patients for transurethral resection of prostate.

Purpose: This study was to evaluate the characteristics of selective spinal anesthesia using 1 mg of bupivacaine combined with fentanyl or sufentanil in elderly patients undergoing transurethral resection of prostate.

Materials And Methods: Fifty-six patients were randomized into two groups. The Fentanyl group received 0.

An ultrasound evaluation of laryngeal mask airway position in pediatric patients: an observational study.

Background: In children, the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) is frequently displaced within the hypopharynx, resulting in repositioning of the device. When the tip of the LMA is placed in the esophageal inlet, the arytenoids are moved ventrally. When the LMA is rotated or deviated, the ventral movement of the arytenoids may result in asymmetric elevation of an arytenoid cartilage, which can be detected with ultrasound (US).

Ultrasound visibility of spinal structures and local anesthetic spread in children undergoing caudal block.

This study assessed ultrasound visibility of spinal structures in children and observed the extent of local anesthetic spread within the epidural space during caudal block. Spinal structures were evaluated with ultrasound from the sacral area to the thoracic area in 80 children, and drug spread levels were observed after caudal injection of 0.5, 1.

Efficacy of intrathecal morphine combined with intravenous analgesia versus thoracic epidural analgesia after gastrectomy.

Purpose: Epidural analgesia has been the preferred analgesic technique after major abdominal surgery. On the other hand, the combined use of intrathecal morphine (ITM) and intravenous patient controlled analgesia (IVPCA) has been shown to be a viable alternative approach for analgesia. We hypothesized that ITM combined with IVPCA is as effective as patient controlled thoracic epidural analgesia (PCTEA) with respect to postoperative pain control after conventional open gastrectomy.

Effect of dexmedetomidine on sevoflurane requirements and emergence agitation in children undergoing ambulatory surgery.

Purpose: Dexmedetomidine, a potent selective α2-adrenergic agonist, produces sedation and analgesia. This study was conducted to assess the effect of dexmedetomidine infusion on sevoflurane requirements, recovery profiles, and emergence agitation in children undergoing ambulatory surgery.

Materials And Methods: Forty children undergoing ambulatory hernioplasty or orchiopexy were randomized into two groups.

Effects of incrementally increasing tidal volume on the cross-sectional area of the right internal jugular vein.

Background: Different tidal volume (TV) settings during mechanical ventilation alter intrathoracic blood volume, and these changes could alter central venous pressure and the cross sectional area (CSA) of the right internal jugular vein (RIJV). The aim of this study was to determine the optimal TV for maximizing the CSA of the RIJV in the supine and Trendelenburg positions in anesthetized patients.

Methods: Forty patients were randomly allocated to a supine group (Group S, n = 20) or a Trendelenburg group (Group T, n = 20) by computer generated randomization.

Palonosetron has superior prophylactic antiemetic efficacy compared with ondansetron or ramosetron in high-risk patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery: a prospective, randomized, double-blinded study.

Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) continues to be a major problem, because PONV is associated with delayed recovery and prolonged hospital stay. Although the PONV guidelines recommended the use of 5-hydroxy-tryptamine (5-HT3) receptor antagonists as the first-line prophylactic agents in patients categorized as high-risk, there are few studies comparing the efficacies of ondansetron, ramosetron, and palonosetron. The aim of present study was to compare the prophylactic antiemetic efficacies of three 5HT3 receptor antagonists in high-risk patients after laparoscopic surgery.

Effects of intrathecal dexmedetomidine on low-dose bupivacaine spinal anesthesia in elderly patients undergoing transurethral prostatectomy.

Low-dose bupivacaine can limit the spinal block level with minimal hemodynamic effects and yield a rapid recovery, but sometimes it may not provide adequate anesthesia for surgery. Dexmedetomidine, a selective α2-adrenoreceptor agonist, was shown to be a potent antinociceptive agent when given intrathecally in animals and humans. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the adjuvant effects of intrathecal dexmedetomidine in elderly patients undergoing transurethral prostate surgery with low-dose bupivacaine spinal anesthesia.

Efficacy and safety of a lidocaine/tetracaine medicated patch or peel for dermatologic procedures: a meta-analysis.

Background: To justify the use of the lidocaine/tetracaine medicated patch or peel as a preventive treatment for reducing pain and discomfort in adults and children. We reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the lidocaine/tetracaine medicated patch or peel compared with placebo.

Methods: Ten RCTs (574 patients) were included in this systemic review.

Ramosetron for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV): a meta-analysis.

Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) remains a challenge for patients and health professionals despite various newly developed prophylactic interventions. We reviewed the efficacy and safety of ramosetron in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for the prevention of PONV.

Methods: We reviewed 18 randomized controlled trials investigating the efficacy and safety of ramosetron in comparison with placebo or any other drugs.

The effect of epidural administration of dexamethasone on postoperative pain: a randomized controlled study in radical subtotal gastrectomy.

Background: Epidurally administered dexamethasone may reduce the incidence and severity of postoperative pain. We investigated whether postoperative pain could be alleviated by preoperative or postoperative epidural dexamethasone administration in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery.

Methods: Ninety patients (age 30-77 with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II) undergoing radical subtotal gastrectomy were randomly allocated to three groups using computer generated randomization.

Optimal sedative dose of propofol to start MRI in children with cerebral palsy.

Background: This study was designed to determine the optimal sedative dose of propofol to start brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in children with cerebral palsy (CP).

Methods: Twenty children, aged 0.5-5 years, were administered propofol to achieve a University of Michigan Sedation Scale (UMSS) score ≥ 3 in the MRI room.