Effectiveness and safety of pamidronate treatment in nonambulatory children with low bone mineral density.

Purpose: Nonambulatory pediatric patients may have low bone mineral density (BMD) and increased risk of pathologic fractures. Though bisphosphonate therapy is the mainstream medical intervention in these children, clinical data regarding this treatment are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of bisphosphonate therapy in such children.

Akt enhances the vulnerability of cancer cells to VCP/p97 inhibition-mediated paraptosis.

Valosin-containing protein (VCP)/p97, an AAA+ ATPase critical for maintaining proteostasis, emerges as a promising target for cancer therapy. This study reveals that targeting VCP selectively eliminates breast cancer cells while sparing non-transformed cells by inducing paraptosis, a non-apoptotic cell death mechanism characterized by endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria dilation. Intriguingly, oncogenic HRas sensitizes non-transformed cells to VCP inhibition-mediated paraptosis.

Bone Age Estimation and Prediction of Final Adult Height Using Deep Learning.

Purpose: The appropriate evaluation of height and accurate estimation of bone age are crucial for proper assessment of the growth status of a child. We developed a bone age estimation program using a deep learning algorithm and established a model to predict the final adult height of Korean children.

Materials And Methods: A total of 1678 radiographs from 866 children, for which the interpretation results were consistent between two pediatric endocrinologists, were used to train and validate the deep learning model.

CCIDB: a manually curated cell-cell interaction database with cell context information.

Cell-cell interaction (CCI) is a crucial event in the development and function of multicellular organisms. The development of CCI databases is beneficial for researchers who want to analyze single-cell sequencing data or study CCI through molecular experiments. CCIs are known to act differently according to cellular and biological contexts such as cell types, gene mutations or disease status; however, previous CCI databases do not completely provide this contextual information pertaining to CCIs.

Effect of catch-up sleep on obesity in Korean adolescents: a nationwide cross-sectional study.

Background: Adolescents have weekday/weekend sleep discrepancies and may compensate for weekday sleep debt through sleep extension on weekends.

Objective: We investigated the effects of total sleep duration on weekdays/weekends on obesity and determined if weekend catch-up sleep has an ameliorating effect on obesity in Korean adolescents.

Methods: Using data from the KNHANES VII, 1,306 middle and high school students were assessed for total sleep duration on weekdays, weekends, and the entire week, as well as weekend sleep extension.

Effects of Androgen Treatment on Growth in Patients with 5-α-Reductase Type 2 Deficiency.

Background: Patients with 5-α-reductase type 2 deficiency (5αRD2) require androgen treatment for the growth of normal male external genitalia. Since limited research has been conducted on the effects of androgen treatment on height in individuals with 5αRD2, we investigated the effect of androgen treatment on bone age (BA) and the height status in children with 5αRD2.

Methods: Of the 19 participants who were followed up for an average of 10.

Effects of Early Wake-Up Time on Obesity in Adolescents.

Although numerous studies have reported that obesity in adolescents is related to shorter sleep duration, few studies have reported the effect of sleep timing, particularly early wake-up time, on obesity. To investigate the association between wake-up time and adolescent obesity. Using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VII data, 1301 middle school and high school students were selected and grouped according to BMI.

Gerstmann Syndrome as a Disconnection Syndrome: A Single Case Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study.

Gerstmann syndrome (GS) is a rare syndrome that occurs when there is a lesion of the dominant inferior parietal lobule (IPL), causing agraphia, acalculia, finger agnosia, and right-left disorientation. A 49-year-old right-handed male was diagnosed as GS after left parieto-occipital lobe hemorrhage. The patient showed mild anomic aphasia with agraphia in the language test and the neuropsychological test revealed acalculia, impaired right-left discrimination, and finger agnosia.

Comparison of the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist dosage in girls with central precocious puberty.

Purpose: There are no definite guidelines on the optimal dosage of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist for treatment of central precocious puberty (CPP). We compared growth outcomes of GnRH agonist at different dosages in girls with idiopathic CPP to assess the optimal dosage.

Methods: This retrospective study included 86 girls with idiopathic CPP who had been treated with GnRH agonist for at least one year and had attained their final adult height.

Neurocognitive and psychosocial profiles of children with Turner syndrome.

Purpose: Patients with Turner syndrome (TS) have distinct neurocognitive and psychosocial characteristics. However, few clinical studies have reported neuropsychological findings in Korean patients. This study investigated the neurocognitive and psychosocial profiles of Korean children with TS.

Association of hypercalciuria with vitamin D supplementation in patients undergoing ketogenic dietary therapy.

Background: Ketogenic dietary therapy (KDT) is used as an effective treatment for epilepsy. However, KDT carries the risk of bone health deterioration; therefore, vitamin D supplementation is required. Vitamin D replacement therapy in KDT has not been established because it may be related to hypercalciuria/urolithiasis, which are common adverse effects of KDT.

Individual and Co-Expression Patterns of FAM83H and SCRIB at Diagnosis Are Associated with the Survival of Colorectal Carcinoma Patients.

Background: FAM83H is important in teeth development; however, an increasing number of reports have indicated a role for it in human cancers. FAM83H is involved in cancer progression in association with various oncogenic molecules, including SCRIB. In the analysis of the public database, there was a significant association between FAM83H and SCRIB in colorectal carcinomas.

Insulin Requirement and Complications Associated With Serum C-Peptide Decline in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus During 15 Years After Diagnosis.

Objective: C-peptide is conventionally used in assessing pancreatic function in patients with diabetes mellitus. The clinical significance of this molecule during the course of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has been recently revisited. This study aimed to investigate the natural course of C-peptide in T1DM patients over the period of 15 years and analyze the association between the residual C-peptide and diabetes complications.

Zirconia Toughened Alumina-Based Separator Membrane for Advanced Alkaline Water Electrolyzer.

Hydrogen is nowadays considered a favorable and attractive energy carrier fuel to replace other fuels that cause global warming problems. Water electrolysis has attracted the attention of researchers to produce green hydrogen mainly for the accumulation of renewable energy. Hydrogen can be safely used as a bridge to successfully connect the energy demand and supply divisions.

Trends in Prediabetes and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Associated with Abdominal Obesity among Korean Children and Adolescents: Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2009 and 2018.

Investigations on the trends of prediabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among children are scarce. We aimed to analyze the trends of prediabetes and NAFLD, as well as their association, among Korean children and adolescents from 2009 to 2018. This study investigated the prevalence of prediabetes, NAFLD, and abdominal obesity among 6327 children and adolescents aged 10-18 years according to age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) using a nationally representative survey.

Cultural Variability in the Attribute Framing Effect.

An intriguing phenomenon that arises from decision making is that the decision maker's choice is often influenced by whether the option is presented in a positive or negative frame, even though the options are, , identical to one another. Yet, the impact of such differential framing of equivalent information, referred to as the attribute framing effect, may not be the same for every culture; rather, some cultures may be more readily influenced by the differentially valenced frames than others (i.e.

The Structural Effect of Electrode Mesh on Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Performance for Alkaline Water Electrolysis.

Alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) is a mature water electrolysis technology that can produce green hydrogen most economically. This is mainly attributed to the use of Ni-based materials that are easy to process and inexpensive. The nickel-based meshes with various structures such as woven mesh and expanded mesh are widely used as electrode in the AWE due to its common availability and easy fabrication.

Comparison of the Triglyceride Glucose Index and Modified Triglyceride Glucose Indices to Predict Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Youths.

Objective: To assess the associations between the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and modified TyG indices with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and evaluate their ability as predictors of NAFLD in youths.

Study Design: We analyzed the cross-sectional data of 3728 individuals aged 10-19 years using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a nationally representative survey. Logistic regression analysis was performed, and ORs and 95% CIs of tertiles 2 and 3 for each variable for predicting NAFLD were calculated and compared with those of tertile 1 as the reference.

Next-generation sequencing-based mutational analysis of idiopathic short stature and isolated growth hormone deficiency in Korean pediatric patients.

We investigated the distribution of short stature-associated mutations in Korean pediatric patients with idiopathic short stature (ISS) and isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD) via targeted next-generation sequencing (TNGS). We employed a 96-gene TNGS panel for short stature in a total of 144 patients (5-19 years-old) previously diagnosed with ISS or IGHD and identified heterozygous pathogenic or likely pathogenic genetic variants in 14 (10%) patients. Of the mutated genes, PROKR2 (n = 3) is associated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency or hypopituitarism, while FGFR1 (n = 1) and NPR2 (n = 3) encode growth plate paracrine factors.

Two cases of 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency caused by the CYP17A1 mutation.

17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency, caused by mutations in the cytochrome P450 family 17 subfamily A member 1 gene (CYP17A1), is an extremely rare form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia that is characterized by diverse phenotypes resulting from specific mutations. Here, we report 2 phenotypic females with 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency: one with the 46,XX karyotype presenting primary amenorrhea and sexual infantilism, and the other with the 46,XY karyotype presenting a disorder of sexual development. In both cases, the serum levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone, 11-deoxycorticosterone, and gonadotropin were elevated, whereas the levels of testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone were reduced.

Factors influencing return to work after stroke: the Korean Stroke Cohort for Functioning and Rehabilitation (KOSCO) Study.

Objective: To investigate the rate of return to work and identify key factors associated with return to work between 3 months and 2 years after stroke.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: The Korean Stroke Cohort for Functioning and Rehabilitation (KOSCO) in Korea.

Loperamide overcomes the resistance of colon cancer cells to bortezomib by inducing CHOP-mediated paraptosis-like cell death.

Although the proteasome inhibitor (PI) bortezomib (Btz) is in current clinical use as a front-line treatment for multiple myeloma, its clinical efficacy in solid tumors has not been satisfactory. Here, we show that loperamide (Lop), an antidiarrheal drug, effectively sensitizes various colon cancer cells, but not normal epithelial cells, to PI-mediated cell death. We report that combined treatment with Btz and Lop induces paraptosis-like cell death accompanied by severe endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived vacuolation.

Association Between Spasticity and Functional Impairments During the First Year After Stroke in Korea: The KOSCO Study.

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the correlation between spasticity severity and functional outcomes during the first year after stroke.

Design: The Korean Stroke Cohort for Functioning and Rehabilitation is a large, multicenter, prospective cohort study of all patients with acute first-ever stroke admitted to participating hospitals in nine Korean areas. To investigate the correlation between spasticity severity and functional status measured by using the Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Modified Barthel Index (MBI), Functional Independence Measurement (FIM), Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), Functional Ambulatory Category (FAC), modified Rankin scale (mRS), and American Speech-Language Hearing Association National Outcome Measurement System Swallowing Scale (ASHA-NOMS), data were analyzed at 3, 6, and 12 mos after the occurrence of stroke.