In Vivo and in Vitro activity of colistin-conjugated bimetallic silver-copper oxide nanoparticles against Pandrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Background: Addressing microbial resistance urgently calls for alternative treatment options. This study investigates the impact of a bimetallic formulation containing colistin, silver, and copper oxide on a pandrug-resistant, highly virulent Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) isolate from a cancer patient at the National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt.

Changing patterns of bacterial profile and antimicrobial resistance in high-risk patients during the COVID-19 pandemic at a tertiary oncology hospital.

The widespread evolution of phenotypic resistance in clinical isolates over the years, coupled with the COVID-19 pandemic onset, has exacerbated the global challenge of antimicrobial resistance. This study aimed to explore changes in bacterial infection patterns and antimicrobial resistance during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study involved the periods before and during COVID-19: the pre-pandemic and pandemic eras.

The impact of increasing non-albicans Candida trends on diagnostics in immunocompromised patients.

Invasive candidiasis (IC) represents a growing concern worldwide, with a considerable increase in non-albicans Candida (NAC) species. The study's primary goal was to determine if species identification by semi-nested PCR (sn-PCR) with primers for the five most prevalent Candida species is sufficient to deal with the current trends of Candida infections in cancer patients. Over one year, Candida isolates were collected from samples of patients with hematological and solid organ tumors in a single center.

Alarming Increase of Azole-Resistant Candida Causing Blood Stream Infections in Oncology Patients in Egypt.

Candidemia is a life-threatening invasive fungal infection in immunocompromised patients. The widespread use of azoles and the shift toward non-albicans Candida (NAC) species remarkably increase azole resistance in developing countries. We aimed to study candidemia trends and associated risk factors in oncology patients since they vary geographically, and rapid and appropriate treatment improves outcomes.

Impact of Rapid Molecular Diagnostic Technique on Time to Optimal Antimicrobial Therapy and Hospital Outcomes in Pediatric Cancer Patients with Sepsis.

Background: sepsis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric cancer patients. We sought to assess the impact of using rapid molecular diagnostic techniques on time to pathogen identification, early administration of targeted antimicrobial treatment, and hospital outcomes.

Patients And Methods: This prospective study was conducted at the Egyptian National Cancer Institute (1/2018-1/2019) on pediatric cancer patients with suspected sepsis.

Increasing trends of colistin resistance in patients at high-risk of carbapenem-resistant .

Introduction: Occurrence of colistin-resistant in response to the unregulated use of this antibiotic has been documented. This study reports an investigation of colistin resistance rates among carbapenem-resistant enterobacterial clinical isolates.

Methods: A total of 196 multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates ( ( = 100), ( = 89) and ( = 7) were selected from Gram-negative isolates over one year.

Landscape of Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Infections in Egypt: Survey and Literature Review.

Purpose: This article is the first to review published reports on the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative infections in Egypt and gain insights into antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance and susceptibility testing capabilities of Egyptian medical centers.

Materials And Methods: A literature review and online survey were conducted.

Results: The online survey and literature review reported high prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae (19-85.

Severe COVID-19 and Sepsis: Immune Pathogenesis and Laboratory Markers.

The ongoing outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has taken a significant toll on people and countries all over the world. The pathogenesis of COVID-19 has not been completely elucidated yet. This includes the interplay between inflammation and coagulation which needs further investigation.

The TACTIC experience: establishing an international, interdisciplinary network to tackle antimicrobial resistance.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global health threat that requires an interdisciplinary international approach to address. In response to calls from policymakers and funders alike, a growing number of research networks on AMR have been created with this approach in mind. However, there are many challenges facing researchers in establishing such networks and research projects.

Emergence of colistin resistance in multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli strains isolated from cancer patients.

Background: Colistin resistance is mainly driven by alterations in the Gram-negative outer membrane lipopolysaccharides and is caused, in most cases, by mutations in mgrB gene. However, the recent emergence of plasmid-encoded colistin resistance among Enterobacteriaceae strains represents a serious threat to global public health. In this paper we have investigated the rates of colistin resistance and the underlying mechanisms in 450 Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli isolates obtained from cancer patients in Egypt.

Multiple sequence types responsible for healthcare-associated Acinetobacter baumannii dissemination in a single centre in Egypt.

Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is an increasingly worrying organism in the healthcare setting, due to its multidrug resistance and persistence. Prolonged hospitalisation, immunocompromised patients and excessive antibiotic exposure all contribute to increasing the risk of A. baumannii infections, which makes cancer patients a significant risk group.

Tracing the dissemination of the international clones of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii among cancer patients in Egypt using the PCR-based open reading frame typing (POT) method.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to perform an epidemiological surveillance of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii genetic lineages among cancer patients in Egypt using the PCR-based open reading frame typing (POT) method.

Methods: A total of 160 MDR A. baumannii isolates were collected between January 2015 and December 2017 at a tertiary-care centre in Egypt.

Overview and outcome of mucormycosis among children with cancer: Report from the Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt.

Mucormycosis represents a real challenge in immunocompromised patients. This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, treatment outcome and infection-related mortality in our patients at the Children's Cancer Hospital 57357, Cairo, Egypt. This is a retrospective study during the period 2007-2017.

Multiple mechanisms contributing to ciprofloxacin resistance among Gram negative bacteria causing infections to cancer patients.

Fluoroquinolones have been used for prophylaxis against infections in cancer patients but their impact on the resistance mechanisms still require further investigation. To elucidate mechanisms underlying ciprofloxacin (CIP) resistance in Gram-negative pathogens causing infections to cancer patients, 169 isolates were investigated. Broth microdilution assays showed high-level CIP resistance in 89.

Dissemination of ST101 blaOXA-48 producing Klebsiella pneumoniae at tertiary care setting.

Introduction: The worldwide dissemination of the acquired carbapenemases in Gram-negative bacteria is a strongly expressed demand for the emergence of post antibiotic era. The aim of this study was to test the production of carbapenemase by Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from hospitalized cancer patients and to investigate the genetic relationship of carbapenemase producing carbapenem resistant K. pneumoniae using multilocus sequence typing (MLST).

Prevalence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens isolated from febrile neutropenic cancer patients with bloodstream infections in Egypt and new synergistic antibiotic combinations.

Introduction: Bloodstream infections with multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) are among the most frequent complications in immunocompromised cancer patients because of their considerable morbidity and mortality. Several guidelines on antimicrobial therapy have addressed empirical treatment for such serious infections; however, the emergence of microbial resistance has become a significant problem worldwide.

Materials And Methods: In this study, starting from November 2015 to October 2016, a total of 529 blood specimens were collected from febrile neutropenic cancer patients at a tertiary care cancer hospital in Egypt.

Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance in Gram-Negative Pathogens Isolated from Cancer Patients in Egypt.

Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are the drugs of choice for prophylaxis of bacterial infections in immunocompromised cancer patients. This study aimed to investigate FQ resistance and the prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants in 239 Gram-negative isolates collected at a tertiary care cancer hospital in Cairo, Egypt. Disc diffusion and broth microdilution tests showed that 70.

Bacteremia due to ESKAPE pathogens: An emerging problem in cancer patients.

Background And Aim: In recent years, a few of the antibiotic-resistant bacteria, known as ESKAPE pathogens, have been found responsible for serious infections. We investigated the risk factors, and impact of ESKAPE pathogens on course of blood stream infections (BSIs) in cancer patients in comparison to coagulase negative Staphylococci (CoNS).

Patients And Methods: The data of patients with ESKAPE positive blood cultures at National Cancer Institute, Cairo University were analyzed.

Increasing Antimicrobial Resistance Monitored in Surveillance Analysis of Blood Stream Infections in Febrile Neutropenic Pediatric Oncology Patients.

Background: Continuous surveillance of pattern of blood stream infection is necessary in febrile neutropenia (FN)especially with the recent escalating trend in the management of pediatric cancer patients towards intensified regimens and with the increase in infections caused by resistant organisms limiting the choice of antibiotics.

Aim: To monitor change in pattern of blood stream infections (BSI) in FN pediatric cancer patients.

Materials And Methods: Surveillance of FN episodes with positive BSI was prospectively monitored and compared to a previous surveillance in the same pediatric oncology unit.

Investigation and Management of a Rhizomucor Outbreak in a Pediatric Cancer Hospital in Egypt.

We describe an outbreak of mucormycosis in a pediatric oncology hospital during December 2010 and the measures taken to stop it. The outbreak began with two consecutive cases of laboratory-documented mucormycosis infections within 1 week. Investigations to track the source were conducted immediately.

Dissemination of VIM-2 producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST233 at tertiary care hospitals in Egypt.

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important nosocomial pathogen, commonly causing infections in immunocompromised patients. The aim of this study was to examine the genetic relatedness of metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) producing carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates collected from 2 tertiary hospitals in Cairo, Egypt using Multi Locus sequence typing (MLST).

Methods: Phenotypic and genotypic detection of metallo-beta-lactamase for forty eight non-duplicate carbapenem resistant P.