Role of CRISPR-cas system on virulence traits and carbapenem resistance in clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates.

Background And Objectives: The bacterial adaptive immune system known as CRISPR-Cas (clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated protein) is engaged in defense against various mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as plasmids and bacteriophages. The purpose of this study was to characterize the CRISPR-Cas systems in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates and assess any possible correlation between these systems with antibiotic susceptibility, biofilm formation, and bacterial virulence.

Materials And Methods: A total of 156 CRKP isolates were collected from different specimens of the inpatients.

Role of CRISPR-Cas systems and anti-CRISPR proteins in bacterial antibiotic resistance.

The emergence and development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a serious threat to global public health. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are often located on mobile genetic elements (MGEs). They can be transferred among bacteria by horizontal gene transfer (HGT), leading to the spread of drug-resistant strains and antibiotic treatment failure.

Prevalence of the CRISPR-cas system and its association with antibiotic resistance in clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates.

Background And Objective(s): CRISPR-Cas is a prokaryotic adaptive immune system that protects bacteria and archaea against mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as bacteriophages plasmids, and transposons. In this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence of the CRISPR-Cas systems and their association with antibiotic resistance in one of the most challenging bacterial pathogens, Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Materials And Methods: A total of 105 K.

Gut microbiota in neurological diseases: Melatonin plays an important regulatory role.

Melatonin is a highly conserved molecule produced in the human pineal gland as a hormone. It is known for its essential biological effects, such as antioxidant activity, circadian rhythm regulator, and immunomodulatory effects. The gut is one of the primary known sources of melatonin.

Induction of proteome changes involved in the cloning of mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes in Escherichia coli DH5-α strain to evaluate colistin resistance.

Objectives: Plasmid genes, termed mobile colistin resistance-1 (mcr-1) and mobile colistin resistance-2 (mcr-2), are associated with resistance to colistin in Escherichia coli (E. coli). These mcr genes result in a range of protein modifications contributing to colistin resistance.

Gut microbiota and obesity: an overview of microbiota to microbial-based therapies.

The increasing prevalence of obesity and overweight is a significant public concern throughout the world. Obesity is a complex disorder involving an excessive amount of body fat. It is not just a cosmetic concern.

Postbiotics versus probiotics in early-onset colorectal cancer.

Probiotics and postbiotics mechanisms of action and applications in early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) prevention and treatment have significant importance but are a matter of debate and controversy. Therefore, in this review, we aimed to define the probiotics concept, advantages and limitations in comparison to postbiotics, and proposed mechanisms of anti-tumor action in EOCRC prevention and treatment of postbiotics. Biotics (probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics) could confer the health benefit by affecting the host gut microbiota directly and indirectly.

Gut Microbiota and Colorectal Cancer Risk Factors.

Colorectal cancer is a type of gut cancer originating either from the rectum or colon. Genetic and environmental factors, such as the gut microbiome, play pivotal roles in colorectal cancer incidence rates. Therefore, we aimed to review the risk factors of CRC comprising gut bacteriomes and their intra-interactions with each other in the context of CRC development.

Amelioration of oxidative stress, cholinergic dysfunction, and neuroinflammation in scopolamine-induced amnesic rats fed with pomegranate seed.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seed hydro-ethanolic extract (PSE) on cholinergic dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress in the scopolamine-induced amnesic rats.

Methods: The rats were given PSE (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg, gavage) for 3 weeks.

Role of CRISPR-Cas system on antibiotic resistance patterns of Enterococcus faecalis.

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas systems are one of the factors which can contribute to limiting the development and evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. There are three genomic loci of CRISPR-Cas in Enterococcus faecalis. In this study, we aimed to assess correlation of the CRISPR-Cas system distribution with the acquisition of antibiotic resistance among E.

Homeobox B4 gene expression is upregulated by ghrelin through PI3-kinase signaling pathway in rat's bone marrow stromal cells.

Objective: Ghrelin, a 28 amino acid peptide, has diverse physiological roles. Phosphatidylino-sitol-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) are involved in some of the recognized actions of ghrelin. It has been shown that ghrelin upregulates HOXB4 gene expression but the real mechanism of this effect is not clear.

Electrochemical water oxidation by simple manganese salts.

Recently, it has been great efforts to synthesize an efficient water-oxidizing catalyst. However, to find the true catalyst in the harsh conditions of the water-oxidation reaction is an open area in science. Herein, we showed that corrosion of some simple manganese salts, MnCO, MnWO, Mn(PO) · 3HO, and Mn(VO) · xHO, under the water-electrolysis conditions at pH = 6.

A new decomposition mechanism for metal complexes under water-oxidation conditions.

Herein, water-oxidation reaction by cobalt(II) phthalocyanine, N,N'-bis (salicylidene) ethylenediamino cobalt(II), nickel(II) Schiff base (N,N'-bis (salicylidene)ethylenediamino nickel(II), nickel(II)) phthalocyanine-tetrasulfonate tetrasodium, manganese(II) phthalocyanine, 5,10,15,20-Tetraphenyl-21H,23H-porphine manganese(III) chloride, manganese(III) 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-pyridyl)-21H,23H-porphine chloride tetrakis(methochloride) was investigated using electrochemistry, UV-vis spectroscopy and spectroelectrochemistry. According to our results, a new decomposition pathway for these metal complexes under water-oxidation conditions was proposed. The produced metal oxide obtained by decomposition of metal complex under water -oxidation conditions not only catalyzes water-oxidation reaction but this metal oxide also accelerates decomposition of the corresponding complex to form higher amounts of the metal oxide.

A nickel(ii) complex under water-oxidation reaction: what is the true catalyst?

In the present study, the water-oxidizing activity of nickel(ii) phthalocyanine-tetrasulfonate tetrasodium (1), which is a stable Ni(ii) complex under moderate conditions, was investigated. The role of Ni oxide in water oxidation as a true catalyst was investigated. The electrodes after water oxidation by both the complex and Ni salt were analyzed and a relation was proposed between the decomposition of the Ni complex and water oxidation.

Effect of Ghrelin on Caspase 3 and Bcl2 Gene Expression in H2O2 Treated Rat's Bone Marrow Stromal Cells.

The antiapoptotic effect of ghrelin in various cell lines including bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) has been proved. However, the real mechanism of this effect is not clear. Caspase3 and Bcl2 are well-known pro- and antiapoptotic regulatory genes in eukaryotes.

Water oxidation by Ni(1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) in the presence of carbonate: new findings and an alternative mechanism.

Herein, the water-oxidation reaction by Ni(1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane)2+ in the presence of carbonate was reinvestigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, electrochemistry, and high-resolution spectroelectrochemical and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy methods. These methods showed that the complex was not stable under water-oxidation conditions. The role of nanosized particles or Ni ions on the surface of the electrode for water oxidation was studied and it is proposed that Ni ions or Ni oxides on the surface of the electrode are at least one of the candidates contributing to the observed catalysis.

Ghrelin Upregulates Hoxb4 Gene Expression in Rat Bone Marrow Stromal Cells.

Objectives: Ghrelin is a peptide which has a proliferative and antiapoptotic effect in many cells including bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Homeobox protein B4 (HOXB4) is a transcription factor involved in stem cell regeneration and survival. The aim of the study was to find out the efect of ghrelin on Hoxb4 expression in BMSCs.

Ghrelin Administration Increases the Bax/Bcl-2 Gene Expression Ratio in the Heart of Chronic Hypoxic Rats.

Purpose: Programmed cell death or apoptosis, is a biochemical procedure that initiates due to some conditions, including hypoxia. Bax and Bcl-2 are among the agents that regulate apoptosis. The amplification of the first one triggers the initiation of apoptosis, and the second one prevents it.

Investigation of CTLA-4-318C/T gene polymorphism in cases with type 1 diabetes of Azerbaijan, Northwest Iran.

This study analyzed the association of CTLA-4-318C/T gene polymorphism with susceptibility, clinical course and laboratory findings of Type 1 diabetes (T1D). One hundred and fifty-three T1D patients and 189 healthy controls entered this study. CTLA-4-318C/T genotyping was performed by tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR) analysis.

Effects of hypo- and hyperthyroid states on herpes simplex virus infectivity in the rat.

Objective: Available data from in vitro studies show that thyroid hormones (THs) regulate herpes simplex virus (HSV) gene expression and may modulate latency/reactivation of the virus. Whether infectivity of the virus is also affected by THs is not known. Using animal models (in vivo study) and Vero cell culture (in vitro study), we examined the effects of alterations in THs level on HSV-1 infectivity.

Effect of ghrelin on aldolase gene expression in the heart of chronic hypoxic rat.

Background: Chronic hypoxia causes apoptosis of cardiac myocytes, however, energy production by anaerobic glycolysis protects myocardium against hypoxia injuries. Aldolase A is a well-characterised key enzyme of the glycolysis pathway. Ghrelin, a 28-amino-acid peptide, synthesizes in the stomach and has protective roles in cardiovascular systems and also affects metabolic pathways.