Asbestos bodies in bronchoalveolar lavage in the 21st century: a time-trend analysis in a clinical population.

Objectives: Asbestos bodies (AB) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) can be detected by light microscopy and their concentration is indicative of past cumulative asbestos exposure. We assessed clinical and exposure characteristics, as well as possible time trends, among patients in whom AB had been quantified in BAL.

Methods: BAL samples obtained from 578 participants between January 1997 and December 2014 were available for analysis.

Azithromycin reduces airway inflammation in a murine model of lung ischaemia reperfusion injury.

Clinical studies revealed that azithromycin reduces airway neutrophilia during chronic rejection after lung transplantation. Our aim was to investigate the possible effect of azithromycin on ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Azithromycin or water was administered to mice every other day during 2 weeks (n = 6/group).

N-acetyl cysteine pre-treatment attenuates inflammatory changes in the warm ischemic murine lung.

Background: The warm ischemic period in non-heart-beating donor lungs may contribute to a higher degree of ischemia-reperfusion injury after lung transplantation. We investigated the impact and timing of administration of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) on inflammatory parameters.

Methods: Ischemia (I) was induced by clamping the hilum of the left lung for 90 minutes, and some protocols were followed by reperfusion (R) for 4 hours.

How long do the systemic and ventilatory responses to toluene diisocyanate persist in dermally sensitized mice?

Background: Years after removal from exposure, workers with occupational asthma still show respiratory symptoms and airway hyperresponsiveness on re-exposure to the offending agent.

Objective: We investigated the persistence of the respiratory responsiveness to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) in a mouse model.

Methods: BALB/C mice received dermal applications of TDI on days 1 and 8, and a single intranasal instillation of TDI on day 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, or 90.

Strain-dependent acute lung injury after intra-tracheal administration of a 'refined' aniline-denatured rapeseed oil: a murine model of the toxic oil syndrome?

Most attempts to reproduce the toxic oil syndrome in animals, either with case-related oils or with refined rapeseed oils, have been unsuccessful. An aniline-denatured rapeseed oil that was subsequently refined according to a protocol yielding relevant markers of "toxic oil" (oil RSO160401) had led to possibly relevant lesions following oral administration in mice. Therefore, in the present study, RSO160401 was subjected to a more extended in vivo testing.

Immunological determinants of ventilatory changes induced in mice by dermal sensitization and respiratory challenge with toluene diisocyanate.

The objective of the study was to characterize better the immunologic mechanisms underlying a previously developed animal model of chemical-induced asthma. BALB/c and severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) mice received toluene diisocyanate (TDI) or vehicle on each ear on day 1 and/or day 7. On day 10, they were intranasally challenged with TDI or vehicle.

Validation of a mouse model of chemical-induced asthma using trimellitic anhydride, a respiratory sensitizer, and dinitrochlorobenzene, a dermal sensitizer.

Background: Occupational asthma can be caused by chemicals. Previously, we established a murine model of immunologically mediated chemical-induced asthma using toluene diisocyanate.

Objective: We sought to verify this model using trimellitic anhydride (TMA), a respiratory sensitizer, and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB), a dermal sensitizer.

Pulmonary toxicity of polyvinyl chloride particles after repeated intratracheal instillations in rats. Elevated CD4/CD8 lymphocyte ratio in bronchoalveolar lavage.

Occupational exposure to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) particles has been associated with interstitial lung disease. Our previous study showed that a single intratracheal instillation of emulsion PVC particles, with or without residual additives, induces acute but transient alveolitis in a dose-dependent manner in rats. The aim of the present study was to investigate the pulmonary response after the administration of the same PVC particles (PVC-E3 and PVC-W3) given in the same cumulative doses (10 and 50 mg/kg BW), but fractionated as seven intratracheal instillations (7 x 1.

Pulmonary toxicity of polyvinyl chloride particles after a single intratracheal instillation in rats. Time course and comparison with silica.

Our previous in vitro studies indicated that emulsion polyvinyl chloride (PVC) particles (PVC-E3), with a mean diameter of 2 microm, exhibited a moderate toxicity in different pulmonary cell cultures. The in vitro cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory potential of PVC-E3 particles were reduced when the additives had been "washed off" (PVC-W3), indicating that PVC-particle associated toxicity is probably related to the residual additives. In the present study, male Wistar rats (230 +/- 18 g) received a single intratracheal instillation of vehicle, crystalline silica particles [Min-U-Sil, 10 mg/kg body weight (BW)], PVC-E3 (10 or 50 mg/kg BW), or PVC-W3 (10 or 50 mg/kg BW).

Validity of methods to predict the respiratory sensitizing potential of chemicals: A study with a piperidinyl chlorotriazine derivative that caused an outbreak of occupational asthma.

A piperidinyl chlorotriazine (PCT) derivative, used as a plastic UV-stabilizer, caused an outbreak of occupational asthma. We verified, in BALB/c mice, the sensitizing potential of PCT in comparison to a known respiratory sensitizer (toluene diisocyanate [TDI]) and a known dermal sensitizer (oxazolone), using three different methods in order to evaluate the validity of current models of sensitization. These included the local lymph node assay (LLNA) and the mouse IgE test.