Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin: a "real-world" experience from Saudi Arabia.

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are new agents for treating type 2 diabetes. In addition to the glycemic benefits, these agents provide cardiorenal protection in patients with diabetes and without diabetes. There is consistent evidence that these agents increase the risk of genitourinary infections and dehydration, but randomized controlled trials have not included patients from the Middle East.

COVID-19 infection and thyroid function.

Context: COVID-19 is a new viral infection affecting mainly the respiratory system with involvement of many other organs. Thyroid dysfunction has been described in COVID-19 but data are still unclear and conflicting on its frequency, severity and relationship with the outcome.

Patients And Methods: We assessed thyroid function tests (TFT) in 50 patients admitted to our institution with confirmed COVID-19 infection.

Natural Course of the American Thyroid Association Response to Therapy Statuses (Dynamic Risk Stratification) in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.

Unlabelled: The concept of response to therapy in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) was introduced as a dynamic risk stratification used to assess the status of the disease at the time of the evaluation during the follow-up and the risk of recurrence in the future. Our aim in this study was to evaluate the natural course over time of different response to therapy statuses.

Methods: We studied 501 nonselected DTC patients (102 males and 399 females) with a median age of 37 years (interquartile range [IQR] 29-48).

How Does The AJCC/TNM Staging System Eighth Edition Perform in Thyroid Cancer at A Major Middle Eastern Medical Center?

Objective: The American Joint Committee on Cancer tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging system eighth edition (TNM-8) for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) has been introduced as a replacement for tumor node metastasis staging system seventh edition (TNM-7). We present the first study from a Middle Eastern population comparing these 2 versions of the TNM staging system.

Methods: We compared TNM-8 with TNM-7 in 701 patients with DTC seen during a 3-year period with a median age of 37 years (6-83) and a female-to-male ratio of 558 (79.

The Impact of COVID-19 Viral Infection on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis.

Objective: To study the adrenocortical response to an acute coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection.

Methods: Morning plasma cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels were measured in 28 consecutive patients with COVID-19 (16 men, 12 women, median age 45.5 years, range 25-69 years) on day 1 to 2 of hospital admission.

Course and Predictive Factors of Incomplete Response to Therapy in Low- and Intermediate-Risk Thyroid Cancer.

Context: Controversy surrounds the extent and intensity of the management of American Thyroid Association (ATA) intermediate- and low-risk patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Understanding the natural history and factors that predict outcome is important for properly tailoring the management of these patients.

Objective: This work aims to study the natural course and predictive factors of incomplete response to therapy in low- and intermediate-risk DTC.