Consensus recommendations for measuring the impact of contraception on the menstrual cycle in contraceptive clinical trials.

Objective: We sought to develop consensus recommendations for measurement and analysis of data on contraceptive-induced menstrual changes (CIMCs) in contraceptive clinical trials. We built upon previous standardization efforts over the last 50 years and prioritized input from a variety of global experts and current regulatory authority guidance on patient-reported outcomes.

Study Design: We completed a formal consensus-building process with an interdisciplinary group of 57 experts from 30 organizations and 14 countries in five global regions who work across academia, nonprofit research organizations, the pharmaceutical industry, and funding agencies.

Governance and resilience as entry points for transforming food systems in the countdown to 2030.

Due to complex interactions, changes in any one area of food systems are likely to impact-and possibly depend on-changes in other areas. Here we present the first annual monitoring update of the indicator framework proposed by the Food Systems Countdown Initiative, with new qualitative analysis elucidating interactions across indicators. Since 2000, we find that 20 of 42 indicators with time series have been trending in a desirable direction, indicating modest positive change.

Persisting Gaps in Cytomegalovirus Prevention and Management After Solid Organ Transplantation in a Resource-Limited Setting.

Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection remains among the leading complications after solid organ transplantation (SOT). Large international surveys mainly focused on high-income countries, detected considerable variability in the management of this infection after SOT. Limited data are available from resource-limited settings.

Substance use during pregnancy and postpartum among individuals with perinatally-acquired HIV in the United States.

Use of cannabis and alcohol were common during pregnancy and the first year postpartum among people with HIV in the United States (2007-2019), but there were no major differences in substance use during pregnancy based on mode of HIV acquisition. The relatively high prevalence of substance use in this population, particularly postpartum alcohol and cannabis use, warrants further attention.

Family planning and contraception in people with multiple sclerosis: perspectives for obstetricians, gynaecologists, and other health care professionals involved in reproductive planning.

Purpose: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is often diagnosed in people of reproductive age. However, family planning counselling is not always integrated within MS care. Decisions on family planning can be further complicated by potential side effects associated with several disease-modifying therapies.

EHMT2 as a Candidate Gene for an Autosomal Recessive Neurodevelopmental Syndrome.

Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) comprise clinical conditions with high genetic heterogeneity and a notable enrichment of genes involved in regulating chromatin structure and function. The EHMT1/2 epigenetic complex plays a crucial role in repression of gene transcription in a highly tissue- and temporal-specific manner. Mutations resulting in heterozygous loss-of-function (LoF) of EHMT1 are implicated in Kleefstra syndrome 1 (KS1).

Impact of repeated intranasal gentamicin irrigation on auditory brainstem evoked potentials in rats.

Gentamicin is a bactericidal aminoglycoside antibiotic that broadly targets Gram-negative microbes. Both human and animal studies have shown that administration of gentamicin is ototoxic by several routes of administration and results in sensorineural hearing loss due to damaged hair cell at the base of the cochlea. However, gentamicin is also administered intranasally to treat sinusitis in humans, but no animal studies have examined ototoxicity of gentamicin administered via this route.

Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Shaping the Future of Osteoarthritis Therapy with Advancements in Chitosan-Hyaluronic Acid Scaffolds.

This review explores the potential of Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) in cartilage regeneration and osteoarthritis treatment. It covers key factors influencing chondrogenesis, including growth factors, cytokines, and hypoxia, focusing on precise timing. The effectiveness of three-dimensional cultures and scaffold-based strategies in chondrogenic differentiation is discussed.

Human mitochondrial peroxiredoxin Prdx3 is dually localized in the intermembrane space and matrix subcompartments.

Peroxiredoxin 3 (Prdx3) is the major sink for HO and other hydroperoxides within mitochondria, yet the mechanisms guiding the import of its cytosolic precursor into mitochondrial sub-compartments remain elusive. Prdx3 is synthesized in the cytosol as a precursor with an N-terminal cleavable presequence, which is frequently proposed to target the protein exclusively to the mitochondrial matrix. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of the human Prdx3 biogenesis, using highly purified mitochondria from HEK293T cells.

Analysis of two reperfusion techniques in uterine transplantation in an experimental model.

Introduction: Uterine transplantation was developed for the treatment of absolute uterine factor infertility. As it is a new modality of transplantation, there is still room for technical improvement. A factor that impacts graft survival in organ transplantation is the warm ischemia time.

Towards dental diagnostic systems: Synergizing wavelet transform with generative adversarial networks for enhanced image data fusion.

The advent of precision diagnostics in pediatric dentistry is shifting towards ensuring early detection of dental diseases, a critical factor in safeguarding the oral health of the younger population. In this study, an innovative approach is introduced, wherein Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are synergized within an Image Data Fusion (IDF) framework to enhance the accuracy of dental disease diagnosis through dental diagnostic systems. Dental panoramic radiographs from pediatric patients were utilized to demonstrate how the integration of DWT and GANs can significantly improve the informativeness of dental images.

Protocol for UAV fault diagnosis using signal processing and machine learning.

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) require fault diagnosis for safe operation. Here, we present a protocol for UAV fault diagnosis using signal processing and artificial intelligence. We describe steps for collecting vibration-based signal data, preprocessing, and feature extraction using a 3-axis accelerometer or similar sensors.

The mesolimbic system and the loss of higher order network features in schizophrenia when learning without reward.

Introduction: Schizophrenia is characterized by a loss of network features between cognition and reward sub-circuits (notably involving the mesolimbic system), and this loss may explain deficits in learning and cognition. Learning in schizophrenia has typically been studied with tasks that include reward related contingencies, but recent theoretical models have argued that a loss of network features should be seen even when learning without reward. We tested this model using a learning paradigm that required participants to learn without reward or feedback.

Profile of oropharyngeal swallowing in healthy Brazilian adults and older adults.

Objectives: To describe the findings of Fiberoptic Endoscopic Examination of Swallowing (FEES) in asymptomatic young and older adults, comparing results across different age groups. Additionally, this study aims to test the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) as an instrument to identify dysphagia risk.

Methods: A prospective cross-sectional observational analysis was conducted on a sample of individuals aged 20 and above, asymptomatic for dysphagia, stratified by age groups.

The Impact of Tumor Elongation on Facial Nerve Outcome after Surgery for Koos Grade 3 and 4 Vestibular Schwannomas in the Semi-Sitting Position via the Retrosigmoid Approach.

Facial nerve paralysis is a severe dysfunction after vestibular schwannoma (VS) surgery. This monocentric study analyzed 61 patients who underwent sporadic VS surgery in a standardized manner. The primary endpoint was the facial nerve outcome (FNO) at 3 months after VS surgery.