Wrist circumference as a novel negative risk factor for cardiovascular disease among adult men: a median follow-up of 9 years.

Purpose: Wrist circumference is an easy to measure anthropometric index of body frame and bone size. The aim of this study was to examine the association of wrist circumference with incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among adult men.

Methods: For this study 2531 male participants aged ≥30 years, without any history of CVD were selected and followed from 1999 to 2011.

Risk factors for cardiovascular disease and mortality events in adults with type 2 diabetes - a 10-year follow-up: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.

Background: To identify risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality events in patients with type 2 diabetes and to calculate their population attributable fraction among a representative Iranian population.

Methods: A total of 1198 patients with type 2 diabetes (504 men and 694 women), aged ≥30 years, without prevalent CVD, with a median follow-up of 10 years were included in current study. To examine the association between risk factors and their outcomes, multivariate sex-adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression models were used.

Incidence and risk factors of isolated systolic and diastolic hypertension: a 10 year follow-up of the Tehran Lipids and Glucose Study.

The objective of this study is to examine the incidence and risk factors of isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) and isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH) in a Middle Eastern population, during a median follow-up of 9.6 years. In total, 8573 subjects without hypertension, cardiovascular disease and known diabetes were recruited into the study.

Pre-diabetes tsunami: incidence rates and risk factors of pre-diabetes and its different phenotypes over 9 years of follow-up.

Aims: To investigate the incidence of pre-diabetes and its different phenotypes and the related risk factors during 9 years of follow-up.

Methods: A total of 5879 people (2597 men and 3282 women) aged ≥ 20 years, free of diabetes and pre-diabetes, took part in the study. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all potential risk factors.

Underestimating the Effect of Lipids on Cardiovascular Events: Regression Dilution Bias in the Population-Based Cohort of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.

Background: Random errors in the measurement of risk factors lead to bias in the exposure-disease association.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the extent of underestimation in the association of total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) with cardiovascular disease (CVDs) in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.

Patients And Methods: Of 6327 eligible people in the original cohort followed for about 10 years to detect CVD events, 3063 (1224 men and 1839 women) had replicate measurements for blood lipids.

A tutorial on variable selection for clinical prediction models: feature selection methods in data mining could improve the results.

Objectives: Identifying an appropriate set of predictors for the outcome of interest is a major challenge in clinical prediction research. The aim of this study was to show the application of some variable selection methods, usually used in data mining, for an epidemiological study. We introduce here a systematic approach.

Different glucose tolerance status and incident cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality among elderly Iranians.

Aims: To determine the effect of different glucose categories on incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in a population-based cohort.

Methods: A total of 834 individuals aged 65 years and older without a history of CVD at baseline were stratified according to 2-h post-load glucose fasting glucose test into six categories including: (i) normal fasting glucose/normal glucose tolerance; (ii) prediabetes, (iii) isolated fasting hyperglycemia (IFH); (iv) isolated post-challenge hyperglycemia (IPH); (v) IPH and IFH; and (vi) known diabetes mellitus. The prognostic significance of these groups on CVD and total mortality were examined by Cox proportional hazard ratios in a multivariate adjusted model.

Prehypertension Tsunami: A Decade Follow-Up of an Iranian Adult Population.

Objective: Prehypertension is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). There is no study to examine the incidence and risk factors of prehypertension in a sex stratified setting. The aim of this study was to examine the effect modification of sex for different risk factors which predicts the progression from normotension to prehypertension in a Middle East population-based cohort, during a median follow-up of 9.

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, a protective or a risk factor for developing coronary heart disease? Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.

Background: Recently, there are controversial findings on protective effect of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) against coronary heart disease (CHD) in some population.

Objective: We aim to determine the effect of HDL-C on CHD in premenopausal and postmenopausal women.

Methods: Between February 1999 and August 2001, 3778 women aged 30 to 74 y, free of clinical cardiovascular diseases, were recruited and followed up to March 2010.

Does Twice-weekly Cabergoline Improve Anthropometrical and Biochemical Profiles in Prediabetes? A Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial Pilot Study.

Dopaminergic signaling is one of the regulatory pathways being investigated for its implication in glucose metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cabergoline on biochemical and anthropometric parameters in prediabetes stage (impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance). In this double blind, placebo-controlled, pilot study, 27 prediabetic adults were randomized to receive 0.

Beneficial effects of inorganic nitrate/nitrite in type 2 diabetes and its complications.

Background And Aim: The ability of inorganic nitrate and nitrite to convert to nitric oxide (NO), and some of its properties e.g. regulation of glucose metabolism, vascular homeostasis, and insulin signaling pathway, have recently raised the hypothesis that inorganic nitrate and nitrite could be potential therapeutic agents in type 2 diabetes.

An application of association rule mining to extract risk pattern for type 2 diabetes using tehran lipid and glucose study database.

Background: Type 2 diabetes, common and serious global health concern, had an estimated worldwide prevalence of 366 million in 2011, which is expected to rise to 552 million people, by 2030, unless urgent action is taken.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify risk patterns for type 2 diabetes incidence using association rule mining (ARM).

Patients And Methods: A population of 6647 individuals without diabetes, aged ≥ 20 years at inclusion, was followed for 10-12 years, to analyze risk patterns for diabetes occurrence.

Is dietary nitrate/nitrite exposure a risk factor for development of thyroid abnormality? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The potential effects of inorganic nitrate/nitrite on global health are a much debated issue. In addition to possible methemoglobinemia and carcinogenic properties, anti-thyroid effects of nitrate/nitrite have been suggested. Considering the growing significance of nitrate/nitrite and since there is no comprehensive review in data available, clarifying the effect of nitrate/nitrite on thyroid disorder outcomes is essential.

Calculating population attributable fraction for cardiovascular risk factors using different methods in a population based cohort study.

Background: Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) is one of the most practical measures for estimating the burden of risk factors with some challenges in its calculation. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the first cause of death worldwide and the estimation of accurate PAFs for CVD risk factors is of great importance in conducting preventive strategies. Our aim was to estimate the PAFs of CVD risk factors via direct, i.

Cut-off points of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, beta-cell function, and fasting serum insulin to identify future type 2 diabetes: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.

Aims: To determine cut-off points of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), β-cell function (HOMA-B), insulin sensitivity (HOMA-S), and fasting insulin for identifying the subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Iranian adults using data from a prospective population-based study.

Methods: From participants of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, 4942 Iranian subjects, aged 20-86 years, were followed for incident T2DM. Fasting serum insulin was determined by the electrochemiluminescence immunoasaay.

A new approach to test validity and clinical usefulness of the 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on statin therapy: A population-based study.

Background: The ACC/AHA released a new guideline on the assessment of cardiovascular risk and management of hypercholesterolemia that some controversy exists concerning its usefulness. We examined the clinical usefulness of this guideline in a high incidence population using novel measures.

Methods: First, we validated the new risk equation in a cohort of 2372 men and 2781 women aged 40-75 years.

Presence of hypertension modifies the impact of insulin resistance on incident cardiovascular disease in a Middle Eastern population: the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.

Aims: To examine the independent impacts of the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and the updated model (HOMA2-IR) on incident cardiovascular /coronary heart disease in a Middle Eastern population with a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors.

Methods: We examined 3777 Iranian people, aged ≥ 30 years, without history of cardiovascular disease and without use of antidiabetic medication at baseline. Both HOMA-IR and HOMA2-IR were log-transformed and categorized into quartiles.

Hypertension phenotypes and incident cardiovascular disease and mortality events in a decade follow-up of a Middle East cohort.

Objective: To investigate the association of hypertension phenotypes, with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality.

Methods: We examined the risk of hypertension phenotypes, that is, isolated systolic hypertension (ISH), isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH), systolic-diastolic hypertension (SDH), controlled blood pressure (CBP), and uncontrolled blood pressure (UBP) among 6974 middle-aged and 882 elderly participants. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate the hazard ratio for hypertension phenotypes, considering those with normotension as the reference.

Obesity Paradox and Risk of Mortality Events in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Decade of Follow-up in Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of different fat distribution measures on the risk of all-cause mortality events among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, which has not been previously evaluated.

Methods: The present study consisted of 1,860 individuals with CKD, aged ≥30 years who participated in Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. The estimated glomerular filtration rate was estimated using the abbreviated prediction equation, provided by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula, and CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/minute/1.

CVD-predictive performances of "a body shape index" versus simple anthropometric measures: Tehran lipid and glucose study.

Purpose: To examine whether a body shape index (ABSI) calculated by using waist circumference (WC) adjusted for height and weight could improve the predictive performances for cardiovascular disease (CVD) of the Framingham's general CVD algorithm and to compare its predictive performances with other anthropometric measures.

Methods: We analyzed data on a 10-year population-based follow-up of 8,248 (4,471 women) individuals aged ≥30 years, free of CVD at baseline. CVD risk was estimated for a 1 SD increment in ABSI, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHpR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), by incorporating them, one at a time, into multivariate accelerated failure time models.

Silent coronary artery disease and incidence of cardiovascular and mortality events at different levels of glucose regulation; results of greater than a decade follow-up.

Background: To determine the impact of silent coronary artery disease (CAD), in different levels of glucose regulation at baseline, i.e., those with normal fasting glucose/normal glucose tolerance (NFG/NGT), pre-diabetic and newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus (NDM), on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and total mortality in Iranian populations.

Factor analysis of metabolic syndrome components and predicting type 2 diabetes: Results of 10-year follow-up in a Middle Eastern population.

Background: The relationship among components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and their association with diabetes is unclear in West Asia. The aim of the present study was to conduct factor analysis of MetS components and the effect these factors have on the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a population-based cohort study of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS).

Methods: The present study enrolled 1861 men and 2706 women (20-60 years of age), from Tehran (Iran) who were free of diabetes at baseline and followed them for 10 years.

Trends in cardiovascular disease risk factors in people with and without diabetes mellitus: a Middle Eastern cohort study.

Aims/hypothesis: To investigate secular trends in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors during a decade of follow-up in a Middle Eastern cohort, and to compare observed trends between diabetic and non-diabetic populations.

Methods: In a population of 6181 participants (2622 males and 3559 females), diabetes status and CVD risk factors were evaluated in 4 study phases from 1999-2011. 1045 subjects had type 2 diabetes mellitus at baseline and 5136 participants were diabetes-free.

Wrist circumference as a novel predictor of hypertension and cardiovascular disease: results of a decade follow up in a West Asian cohort.

No study has yet evaluated the effect of wrist circumference on risk of incident hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in an adult population. The present study included 3642 women, aged ≥30 years, free of CVD at baseline, who had undergone health examinations between January 1999 and 2001 and were followed up until March 2010. Cox proportional hazard regression was performed to assess the hazard ratios (HRs) of wrist circumference for CVD and hypertension events.

The Impact of Oversampling with SMOTE on the Performance of 3 Classifiers in Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) on the performance of probabilistic neural network (PNN), naïve Bayes (NB), and decision tree (DT) classifiers for predicting diabetes in a prospective cohort of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS).

Methods: . Data of the 6647 nondiabetic participants, aged 20 years or older with more than 10 years of follow-up, were used to develop prediction models based on 21 common risk factors.