Women in Surgery Events Alone do not Change Medical Student Perceptions of Gender Bias and Discrimination in Orthopaedic Surgery.

Aims: This study investigated the perceptions of medical students regarding the barriers to pursuing a career in trauma and orthopaedics (T&O); and whether these perceptions were altered by attending an event promoting women in T&O.

Methods: An event consisting of presentations and interactive sessions from two female T&O trainees was hosted online. Attendees completed pre and post-event questionnaires.

Closed reduction of glenohumeral dislocations with associated tuberosity fracture in the emergency department is safe.

Aim: A fracture of the tuberosity is associated with 16% of glenohumeral dislocations. Extension of the fracture into the humeral neck can occur during closed manipulation, leading some to suggest that all such injures should be managed under general anaesthesia in the operating theatre. The purpose of this study was to establish the safety of reduction of glenohumeral dislocations with tuberosity fractures in the emergency department (ED).

The use of a synthetic shoulder patch for large and massive rotator cuff tears - a feasibility study.

Background: The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of using a non-absorbable biocompatible polyester patch to augment open repair of massive rotator cuff tears (Patch group) and compare outcomes with other treatment options (Non-patch group).

Methods: Participants referred to orthopaedic clinics for rotator cuff surgery were recruited. Choice of intervention (Patch or Non-patch) was based on patient preference and intra-operative findings.

Prehabilitation Before Major Abdominal Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Introduction: Prehabilitation prior to major surgery has increased in popularity over recent years and aims to improve pre-operative conditioning of patients to improve post-operative outcomes. The beneficial effect of such protocols is not well established with conflicting results reported. This review aimed to assess the effect of prehabilitation on post-operative outcome after major abdominal surgery.

Loss of range of motion of the hip joint: a hypothesis for etiology of sports hernia.

Background: sports hernia is a well-recognized cause of groin pain in athletes involved in sports, especially football and rugby. Loss of range of motion of the hip joint is a possible contributory factor to stress across the symphysis pubis leading to the instability.

Methods: twenty-five athletes presenting with sports hernia were matched to age, sex, physical/sports activity and co-morbidities with twenty-five athletes without sports hernia.

"Internal fixation of proximal humeral fractures using the Polarus intramedullary nail: our institutional experience and review of the literature".

Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the functional outcome, union and complication rates after surgical treatment of unstable or displaced proximal humeral fractures using the Polarus intramedullary nail, by reviewing our institutional experience and the relevant current literature.

Methods: Twenty-seven patients were treated operatively for proximal humeral fracture using the Polarus nail. Fractures were classified according to Neer's classification.

Fractures of the ulnar coronoid process.

The ulnar coronoid process plays a central role in elbow stability due to its unique anatomic characteristics. A fracture of the coronoid, although uncommon, represents a serious injury that can adversely affect functional outcome if not treated appropriately. Several surgical interventions addressing different fracture patterns are being increasingly recognised as effective treatment options even for smaller fragments.

Impingement syndrome of the shoulder following double row suture anchor technique for arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: a case report.

Introduction: Arthroscopic repair of the rotator cuff is a demanding surgery. Accurate placement of anchors is key to success.

Case Presentation: A 38-year-old woman received arthroscopic repair of her rotator cuff using a double row suture anchor technique.

Operative shortening of the elongated defunctioned tendoachillies following previous rupture.

Healing of the tendoachilles (TA) following rupture may result in lengthening over a long segment rather than discrete scar interposition. We describe our experience and results of a direct TA shortening technique of dysfunctionally long TAs. Five patients presented with impairment of their sporting level.

Incidence of osteoarthritis in the scapho-trapezial joint after Herbert screw fixation of the scaphoid.

Twenty patients treated with a Herbert screw for scaphoid fractures (acute or non-union) were reviewed and X-rayed 5-10 years later to assess whether there were degenerative changes in the scapho-trapezial joint due to insertion of the screw. Six had some irregularity in the lateral part of that joint, three of which followed backing-out of the screw. Two others were described as showing irregularity all round the scaphoid but, apart from these, no radiological abnormalities were seen in the central or ulnar part of the scapho-trapezial joint, or on the proximal tip of the scaphoid.

Expression of transforming growth factor-beta isoforms and their receptors in chronic tendinosis.

Chronic tendon lesions are degenerative conditions and may represent a failure to repair or remodel the extracellular matrix after repeated micro-injury. Since TGF-beta is strongly associated with tissue repair, we investigated the expression of TGF-beta isoforms (beta1, beta2 and beta3) and their 2 signalling receptors (TGF-betaRI and TGF-betaRII) in normal and pathological Achilles tendons. In all tissues, all 3 TGF-beta isoforms and the 2 receptors were present at sites of blood vessels.

Multiple changes in gene expression in chronic human Achilles tendinopathy.

Atlas cDNA cell interaction arrays (CLONTECH) were used to examine degenerate tissue from four patients with Achilles tendon disorders, in order to identify changes in expression of genes important in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. The greatest difference between normal (post-mortem) and degenerate tissue samples was in the level of MMP-3 (stromelysin) mRNA, which was down-regulated in all the degenerate samples. Quantitative RT-PCR assay of RNA extracted from paired 'normal' and degenerate Achilles tendon tissue samples taken from tendons during surgery mirrored the results of the arrays.

Anterior tibiotalar impingement associated with chronic ankle instability.

The authors describe the surgical treatment of 13 cases of chronic ankle instability and concomitant anterior bony impingement of the ankle in professional and recreational athletes. All patients had symptoms and signs of lateral instability and a painful block to dorsiflexion. Two patients presented with recurrence of impingement after a previous debridement alone without an ankle stabilization.

IS/IT market support systems: augmenting UK primary health care groups.

The election of the Labour government in May 1997 has seen the continuation of advanced market reforms intended to modernize the UK National Health Service (NHS). The planning and implementation of information systems and technology (IS/IT) following these structural changes is both widespread and significant. An information strategy for the NHS, published recently, is intended to provide an initial seven-year program of life-long electronic health records for everyone in the United Kingdom.

Temporal Variations of PM, PM, and Gaseous Precursors during the 1995 Integrated Monitoring Study in Central California.

The spatial and temporal distributions of particle mass and its chemical constituents are essential for understanding the source-receptor relationships as well as the chemical, physical, and meteorological processes that result in elevated particulate concentrations in California's San Joaquin Valley (SJV). Fine particulate matter PM coarse particulate matter (PM), and aerosol precursor gases were sampled on a 3-hr time base at two urban (Bakersfield and Fresno) and two non-urban (Kern Wildlife Refuge and Chowchilla) core sites in the SJV during the winter of 1995-1996. Day-to-day variations of PM and PM and their chemical constituents were influenced by the synoptic-scale meteorology and were coherent among the four core sites.

Developing a clinical information system: an interpretive case analysis within a UK hospital.

This paper seeks to adopt an interpretive case analysis for the study of the development of a clinical information system within a UK hospital. An initial literature review is outlined, which draws attention to the distinction between formal-rational and interpretive perspectives on information technology impacts. A case study is presented where a number of issues are identified which suggest that formal systems analysis techniques do not reflect the organizational realities within the hospital.

Using a biological indicator to detect potential sources of cross-contamination in the dental operatory.

The authors conducted a study using surveillance monitoring methodology to identify operatory contamination and to evaluate the effectiveness of infection control procedures. Viridans streptococci were evaluated as biological indicators of oral contamination. Viridans streptococci, abundant in human saliva, were detected on operatory surfaces after dental treatments were finished and surfaces were disinfected.

Drug use management and IT-based medical thesauri: issues of semantics and linguistics.

Argues that by interpreting the semantic content of different actions, it will be possible to draw boundaries between those aspects of a system that can be computerized and those that will best serve the purpose if left alone. This will dissuade systems developers from being caught in the technology trap. The argument is conducted in the context of developing IT-based medical thesauri for drug use management.