Pectoralis major tendon tears - a biomechanical study to analyze the influence of intra-tendinous suture distance on repair stability.

Background: Tendon tears of the pectoralis major (PM) are uncommon and can be challenging to manage. The lack of consensus on optimal repair methods for PM tendon tears prompts further investigation.

Methods: 24 fresh-frozen shoulder specimens were used for this biomechanical in-vitro investigation.

Bone graft augmentation of comminuted radial neck fractures improves the initial stability of plate fixation. A biomechanical study.

Purpose: Using modern implants, even complex radial head and neck fractures can often be reconstructed. However, metaphyseal comminution is associated with delayed bone healing and an increased risk for loss of reduction. Hence, this biomechanical in-vitro study intended to evaluate the mechanical stability of a bone graft from the ipsilateral proximal ulna in plate fixation of comminuted radial neck fractures.

Circulating Micro-RNAs in Patients with Hypophosphatasia Results of the first micro-RNA analysis in HPP.

Introduction: Adult hypophosphatasia (HPP) patients present with diffuse heterogenous symptoms often mimicking rheumatological diseases or osteoporosis and therefore accompanied by delayed diagnosis. The aim of this study was to identify circulating miRNAs in adult HPP patients and to identify potential associations with clinical patients' characteristics.

Methods: We utilized untargeted miRNA biomarker discovery by small RNA-sequencing to investigate cell-free miRNA profiles in 24 adult HPP patients (pathogenic variant of the ALPL gene, HPP-related clinical symptoms and repeatedly low ALP) and 24 healthy controls (CTRL).

Return-to-sports after conservative treatment of ligamentous elbow dislocations: a monocentric retrospective cohort study. European journal of trauma and emergency surgery.

Purpose: Ligamentous elbow dislocations often affect young patients with high functional and athletic demands. After reduction and clinical examination of joint stability, further treatment options are, therefore, the subject of controversial debate. In order to be able to advise patients adequately, an assessment of the possible return-to-sport based on experience is necessary.

Exploratory miRNA profiling from serum and bone tissue of mice with T1D-induced bone loss.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) represents a significant health burden worldwide, with associated complications including bone fragility. Current clinical methods and biomarkers for assessing bone health and predicting fracture risk in T1D are limited and lack accuracy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as potential biomarkers for predicting T1D-induced bone loss, although comprehensive profiling studies are lacking.

Evaluating the efficacy of hinged elbow braces in reducing passive valgus forces after ulnar collateral ligament injury-A biomechanical study.

Purpose: This biomechanical study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a hinged elbow orthosis in reducing passive valgus forces following medial ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries of the elbow joint. The hypothesis tested was that a hinged elbow orthosis reduces these passive valgus forces.

Methods: Eight fresh frozen cadaveric elbow specimens were prepared and tested under three scenarios: intact ligaments, simulated UCL rupture and application of a hinged elbow brace after simulated UCL rupture.

Differential microRNA expression patterns between TallyHo/JngJ mice and non-diabetic Swiss Webster Random/Jackson mice.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases the susceptibility of bone fragility. The underlying mechanisms have, however, remained largely unknown. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short single-stranded non-coding RNA molecules with utility as biomarkers due to their easy accessibility and stability in bodily fluids.

Real-time imaging of cGMP signaling shows pronounced differences between glomerular endothelial cells and podocytes.

Recent clinical trials of drugs enhancing cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling for cardiovascular diseases have renewed interest in cGMP biology within the kidney. However, the role of cGMP signaling in glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) and podocytes remains largely unexplored. Using acute kidney slices from mice expressing the FRET-based cGMP biosensor cGi500 in endothelial cells or podocytes enabled real-time visualization of cGMP.

Snorkel-tag based affinity chromatography for recombinant extracellular vesicle purification.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid nanoparticles and play an important role in cell-cell communications, making them potential therapeutic agents and allowing to engineer for targeted drug delivery. The expanding applications of EVs in next generation medicine is still limited by existing tools for scaling standardized EV production, single EV tracing and analytics, and thus provide only a snapshot of tissue-specific EV cargo information. Here, we present the Snorkel-tag, for which we have genetically fused the EV surface marker protein CD81, to a series of tags with an additional transmembrane domain to be displayed on the EV surface, resembling a snorkel.

Longitudinal course of circulating miRNAs in a patient with hypophosphatasia and asfotase alfa treatment: a case report.

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is characterized by low activity of tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP). The enzyme replacement therapy asfotase alfa has been approved for childhood-onset forms of HPP. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a novel disease biomarker, with potential application in therapy monitoring.

Candidate Signature miRNAs from Secreted miRNAome of Human Lung Microvascular Endothelial Cells in Response to Different Oxygen Conditions: A Pilot Study.

Oxygen conditions in the lung determine downstream organ functionality by setting the partial pressure of oxygen, regulating the redox homeostasis and by activating mediators in the lung that can be propagated in the blood stream. Examples for such mediators are secreted soluble or vesicle-bound molecules (proteins and nucleic acids) that can be taken up by remote target cells impacting their metabolism and signaling pathways. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have gained significant interest as intercellular communicators, biomarkers and therapeutic targets in this context.

[Technical modifications to elbow interposition arthroplasty].

Objective: Interposition arthroplasty of the elbow involves the interposition of a fascia lata or dermis autograft or allograft between the distal humerus and the ulna or radius, while preserving the original form of articulation.

Indications: Interposition arthroplasty is indicated for young patients with high functional demands who suffer from end-stage elbow arthritis and associated pain or joint stiffness.

Contraindications: Contraindications include acute or subacute infection, skeletal immaturity, bone loss, deformity, or gross instability.

[Central band reconstruction in Essex-Lopresti lesions].

Objective: Restoration of longitudinal forearm stability by reconstruction of the central band (CB) of the interosseous membrane (IOM) of the forearm.

Indications: Acute and chronic Essex-Lopresti lesions (EL) with longitudinal forearm instability.

Contraindications: Absolute: acute/subacute infection.

[Autologous minced cartilage implantation for focal cartilage lesions of the humeral capitellum].

Objective: The goal of minced cartilage implantation (MCI) is to restore an intact cartilage surface in focal osteochondral lesions of the humeral capitellum.

Indications: The indications for MCI are limited osteochondral lesions at the humeral capitellum, also at the head of the radius, with intact cartilage border as well as in situ or a completely detached fragment, and free joint bodies (grade II-grade V according to Hefti).

Contraindications: Contraindications for MCI are already concomitant or associated cartilage damage as well as bilateral osteochondral lesions and insufficient available cartilage material.

The effects of tourniquet use in elbow surgery: a retrospective analysis.

Background: Pneumatic tourniquets are frequently employed in extremity surgeries, aiming to enhance intraoperative visibility and minimize blood loss. Although their benefits and drawbacks have been extensively studied in lower limb operations, their impact on upper limb procedures, particularly elbow surgery, remains poorly understood. This study investigates the advantages and risks associated with pneumatic tourniquet used in elbow surgery.

[Elbow hemiarthroplasty for coronal shear fractures of the distal humerus].

Objective: The aim of the operation is to replace the articular surface of the distal humerus in cases of nonreconstructible fractures of the distal humerus.

Indications: Active patients with high functional requirements, in whom weight limitation of total elbow arthroplasty should be avoided.

Contraindications: Contraindications include fractures with irreconstructible epicondyles and/or irreconstructible collateral ligaments, as well as ulnohumeral, or radiohumeral osteoarthritis.

Improved restoration of biomechanical factors using a narrow-box shaped reconstruction compared to a wide one in superior capsular reconstruction for irreparable supraspinatus tendon tears: a biomechanical study using a static shoulder simulator.

Hypothesis And/or Background: Extensive, irreparable rotator cuff tears remain a surgical challenge and multiple treatment options are proposed and currently in use. To biomechanically compare superior glenohumeral translation, subacromial contact pressures, and area in a box-shaped reconstruction using the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) in an irreparable supraspinatus tendon tear model.

Methods: Seven cadaveric shoulders (mean age 61 years; range 32-84 years; standard deviation 22.

Evaluation of interleukin-6 in synovial fluid in periprosthetic joint infection of the elbow.

Purpose: Searching for quick determinable biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity is necessary to improve and optimise the early diagnosis of periprosthetic elbow infection (PEI). Therefore, this study's objective was to evaluate the diagnostic value of synovial fluid interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels for diagnosing PEI in total elbow arthroplasty.

Method: Twelve prospective enrolled patients underwent total elbow arthroplasty revision surgery, during which synovial fluid was obtained.

The Future of Total Elbow Arthroplasty: A Statistical Forecast Model for Germany.

This study provides a statistical forecast for the development of total elbow arthroplasties (TEAs) in Germany until 2045. The authors used an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), Error-Trend-Seasonality (ETS), and Poisson model to forecast trends in total elbow arthroplasty based on demographic information and official procedure statistics. They predict a significant increase in total elbow joint replacements, with a higher prevalence among women than men.

Optimal screw orientation for fixation of coronal shear fractures: a biomechanical comparison.

Background: Coronal shear fractures of the capitellum are rare injuries which can be challenging to treat. The aim of this study was to compare the biomechanical properties of different internal screw fixation techniques for Dubberley type IA fractures of the capitellum.

Methods: In this biomechanical study, Dubberley type IA fractures of the capitellum were created in 30 human fresh-frozen humeri.

Analysis of extracellular vesicle microRNA profiles reveals distinct blood and lymphatic endothelial cell origins.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial mediators of cell-to-cell communication in physiological and pathological conditions. Specifically, EVs released from the vasculature into blood were found to be quantitatively and qualitatively different in diseases compared to healthy states. However, our understanding of EVs derived from the lymphatic system is still scarce.

Correlative multiphoton-STED microscopy of podocyte calcium levels and slit diaphragm ultrastructure in the renal glomerulus.

In recent years functional multiphoton (MP) imaging of vital mouse tissues and stimulation emission depletion (STED) imaging of optically cleared tissues allowed new insights into kidney biology. Here, we present a novel workflow where MP imaging of calcium signals can be combined with super-resolved STED imaging for morphological analysis of the slit diaphragm (SD) within the same glomerulus. Mice expressing the calcium indicator GCaMP3 in podocytes served as healthy controls or were challenged with two different doses of nephrotoxic serum (NTS).

MicroRNA expression analysis in peripheral blood and soft-tissue of patients with periprosthetic hip infection.

Aims: Current diagnostic tools are not always able to effectively identify periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs). Recent studies suggest that circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) undergo changes under pathological conditions such as infection. The aim of this study was to analyze miRNA expression in hip arthroplasty PJI patients.