Ru(II)-arene azole complexes as anti-amyloid-β agents.

With the recent clinical success of anti-amyloid-β (Aβ) monoclonal antibodies, there is a renewed interest in agents which target the Aβ peptide of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Metal complexes are particularly well-suited for this development, given their structural versatility and ability to form stabile interactions with soluble Aβ. In this report, a small series of ruthenium-arene complexes were evaluated for their respective ability to modulate both the aggregation and cytotoxicity of Aβ.

Finding the best location: Improving the anti-amyloid ability of ruthenium(III) complexes with pyridine ligands.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurological disorder where one of the primary pathological hallmarks are aggregate deposits of the peptide amyloid-beta (Aβ). Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently approved therapeutics that specifically target Aβ, resulting in the removal of these deposits, the associated costs of such treatments create a need for effective, yet cheaper, alternatives. Metal-based compounds are propitious therapeutic candidates as they exploit the metal-binding properties of Aβ, forming stable interactions with the peptide, thereby limiting its aggregation and toxicity.

Siblings Supporting the Social Interactions of Children Who Use Augmentative and Alternative Communication.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a training and coaching program aimed to increase the use of the aided language modeling (ALM) strategy by siblings to support the social interactions of children with disabilities who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) in the natural environment.

Method: A single-case, multiple-probe design that included a training and coaching intervention was implemented to teach four typically developing siblings to use the ALM strategy with high fidelity with their sibling who used AAC. In addition, a second research question investigated the rate at which siblings used the ALM strategy with the child.

In-situ bypass is associated with superior infection-free survival compared with extra-anatomic bypass for the management of secondary aortic graft infections without enteric involvement.

Objective: The optimal revascularization modality following complete resection of aortic graft infection (AGI) without enteric involvement remains unclear. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the revascularization approach associated with the lowest morbidity and mortality using real-world data in patients undergoing complete excision of AGI.

Methods: A retrospective, multi-institutional study of AGI from 2002 to 2014 was performed using a standardized database.

Challenging Behaviors Online Modules for Parents of Young Children with Disabilities: A Pilot Feasibility Study.

Challenging behaviors exhibited by young children negatively affect development and may also prevent children from receiving appropriate education. These behaviors may also hinder positive family interactions and have a significant impact on parents and other family members. Although various parent training approaches exist to increase parents' capacity to address these challenging behaviors, many parents are reportedly not able to access training due to time and resource constraints.

Contemporary Outcomes After Partial Resection of Infected Aortic Grafts.

Introduction: Aortic graft infection remains a considerable clinical challenge, and it is unclear which variables are associated with adverse outcomes among patients undergoing partial resection.

Methods: A retrospective, multi-institutional study of patients who underwent partial resection of infected aortic grafts from 2002 to 2014 was performed using a standard database. Baseline demographics, comorbidities, operative, and postoperative variables were recorded.

Engaging stakeholders to improve social validity: intervention priorities for students with complex communication needs.

Many factors impact intervention implementation in everyday practice, including the social validity of these interventions. As a way of addressing social validity, this study aimed to understand the perspectives of multiple stakeholders of school-aged children and adolescents who use aided and unaided augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) on their key intervention priorities for these children. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 parents and professionals, which included special education teachers, paraprofessionals, and speech-language pathologists (SLPs).

The Prevalence of Substance Use Disorders among Community-based Adults with Legal Problems in the U.S.

Background: Current national prevalence estimates of DSM-5 diagnosed substance use disorders (SUDs) among adults with justice system involvement are lacking.

Methods: This study drew from NESARC-III data ( = 36,309; 2012-2013), a nationally representative U.S.

In situ bypass and extra-anatomic bypass procedures result in similar survival in patients with secondary aortoenteric fistulas.

Objective: The optimal revascularization modality in secondary aortoenteric fistula (SAEF) remains unclear in the literature. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the revascularization approach associated with the lowest morbidity and mortality using real-world data in patients with SAEF.

Methods: A retrospective, multi-institutional study of SAEF from 2002 to 2014 was performed using a standardized database.

Oral repeated-dose toxicity studies of BIA 10-2474 in cynomolgus monkeys.

BIA 10-2474 (3-(1-(cyclohexyl(methyl)carbamoyl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl)pyridine 1-oxide) is a novel fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor developed by BIAL for the treatment of medical conditions which would benefit from enhanced levels of endogenous anandamide (AEA) such as pain disorders. During a Phase I clinical trial one subject died after receiving BIA 10-2474 and others displayed neurological signs. As part of series of papers presenting all the toxicology data available prior to the clinical trial we report here the nonclinical toxicology studies performed in cynomolgus monkeys.

Smoking Across the Menopausal Transition in a 10-Year Longitudinal Sample: The Role of Sex Hormones and Depressive Symptoms.

Introduction: Current cigarette smoking rates among older women remain problematic, especially given that this population experiences increased smoking-related health consequences. Despite these increased health concerns, little research to date has explored smoking patterns across the menopausal transition (pre-, early-peri-, late-peri-, and postmenopausal) or the effect of unique factors such as sex hormones and depression during this transition.

Methods: This study used 10 yearly waves of data from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation, a longitudinal dataset.

Reentry interventions that address substance use: A systematic review.

Justice-involved individuals with substance use problems have heightened risk of relapse and recidivism after release from incarceration, making reentry a critical time to provide evidence-based treatments (EBTs) for substance use; however, the extent to which reentry interventions incorporate EBTs for substance use is unclear. This systematic review identified studies of reentry interventions in the past 10 years that address substance use, assessed whether EBTs were used, and explored which interventions were effective in reducing substance use and recidivism postrelease. Eligible studies included interventions that began during incarceration and continued postrelease or began within 3 months of release and addressed substance use in some capacity.

Intersection of E-Cigarette Use and Gender on Transitions in Cigarette Smoking Status: Findings Across Waves 1 and 2 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study.

Introduction: Cigarette smokers report using electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) to reduce or quit smoking, but findings are mixed regarding the benefit and risk of e-cigarettes in this population, and effects of gender are unknown.

Methods: The Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH; waves 1 and 2; adult interviews) was used to evaluate relationships among wave 1 e-cigarette use (daily, nondaily, never) and gender and their association with transitions (quit vs. current; relapse vs.

Electronic Cigarette Use and Risk of Harmful Alcohol Consumption in the U.S. Population.

Background: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is an increasingly common method of nicotine delivery in the general population. It is well-established that tobacco users are at increased risk to engage in hazardous drinking and meet criteria for alcohol use disorder (AUD) relative to nonusers. Less is known, however, about the risk of harmful alcohol use among people who use e-cigarettes.

Long-Term Results of Endovascular Femoropopliteal Interventions.

 Short-term results of endovascular intervention for femoropopliteal lesions have been extensively reported; however, there exists a paucity of long-term objective data related to outcomes of these interventions. We sought to characterize these long-term results including patency, limb salvage, and mortality.  From May 2003 to July 2009, all patients who underwent technically successful endovascular balloon angioplasty and/or stenting for Trans-Atlantic Inter-Societal Consensus (TASC) II B, C, and D lesions were identified in a retrospective fashion.

Laser Recanalization of Central Venous Occlusion to Salvage a Threatened Arteriovenous Fistula.

Central venous occlusion is conventionally managed with balloon angioplasty, stent extension, or sharp recanalization. Here, we describe recanalization of a chronically occluded innominate vein using excimer laser after conventional techniques were unsuccessful. Patient clinical improvement and fistula patency have been sustained 2 years postintervention.

Vertebral Osteophyte as Possible Etiology of Aortoenteric Fistula.

Aortoenteric fistula (AEF) and aortoenteric erosion (AEE) are deadly and difficult to diagnose. We present here a case report of a patient with a delayed diagnosis of AEF whose preoperative imaging revealed a large vertebral osteophyte which likely directed the aortic impulse into the duodenum. We believe this is the first report documenting an anatomical explanation for AEF/AEE and conclude that the presence of vertebral osteophytes should be considered a risk factor when assessing preoperative likelihood of AEF/AEE.

Hand-arm vibration syndrome: A rarely seen diagnosis.

Hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) is a collection of sensory, vascular, and musculoskeletal symptoms caused by repetitive trauma from vibration. This case report demonstrates how to diagnose HAVS on the basis of history, physical examination, and vascular imaging and its treatment options. A 41-year-old man who regularly used vibrating tools presented with nonhealing wounds on his right thumb and third digit.

Single-level degenerative cervical disc disease and driving disability: results from a prospective, randomized trial.

Study Design Post hoc analysis of prospective, randomized trial. Objective To investigate the disability associated with driving and single-level degenerative, cervical disc disease and to investigate the effect of surgery on driving disability. Methods Post hoc analysis of data obtained from three sites participating in a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial comparing cervical disc arthroplasty (TDA) with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).

Very late complications of cervical arthroplasty: results of 2 controlled randomized prospective studies from a single investigator site.

Study Design: Prospective, single-site, randomized, Food and Drug Administration-approved investigational device exemption clinical trials of 2 cervical arthroplasty (CA) devices.

Objective: To evaluate complications with CA occurring more than 4 years after the surgical procedure in Food and Drug Administration clinical trials of the Bryan and Prestige LP arthroplasty devices.

Summary Of Background Data: Reports of several randomized clinical studies have shown CA to be a safe and effective alternative to anterior cervical fusion in the treatment of degenerative cervical disc disorders.

Fibrin sheath angioplasty: a technique to prevent superior vena cava stenosis secondary to dialysis catheters.

Fibrin sheaths are a heterogeneous matrix of cells and debris that form around catheters and are a known cause of central venous stenosis and catheter failure. A total of 50 cases of central venous catheter fibrin sheath angioplasty (FSA) after catheter removal or exchange are presented. A retrospective review of an outpatient office database identified 70 eligible patients over a 19-month period.

Subcutaneous heparin does not increase postoperative complications in neurosurgical patients: An institutional experience.

Introduction: Prophylaxis for venous thromboembolic disease continues to pose a challenging management problem in postoperative neurosurgical patients, particularly those in the intensive care unit (ICU). This study evaluates neurosurgical patients admitted to the surgical ICU (SICU) at a tertiary hospital and compared those who had received subcutaneous unfractionated heparin (SQUFH) to those who did not. This study was conducted to better evaluate if the administration of SQUFH to neurosurgical patients is safe and whether the administration of SQUFH is an independent risk factor for bleeding in this patient population.

Nonresective repair for abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Background: In this report, we present our experience with nonresective repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm in selected patients who were unsuited for other surgical approaches and would benefit from repair.

Methods: Seven patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm underwent nonresective repair comprising aneurysm embolization followed by the creation of an axillary-femoral, femoral-femoral bypass with a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) graft.

Results: Between April 2006 and March 2009, seven patients (mean age: 85 years) underwent surgery.