Development of functional resident macrophages in human pluripotent stem cell-derived colonic organoids and human fetal colon.

Most organs have tissue-resident immune cells. Human organoids lack these immune cells, which limits their utility in modeling many normal and disease processes. Here, we describe that pluripotent stem cell-derived human colonic organoids (HCOs) co-develop a diverse population of immune cells, including hemogenic endothelium (HE)-like cells and erythromyeloid progenitors that undergo stereotypical steps in differentiation, resulting in the generation of functional macrophages.

Groundwater quality in Zagora southeast of Morocco by using physicochemical analysis and geospatial techniques.

Groundwater in Morocco is restricted because of the semiarid to arid climatic conditions; it is under threat from organic and inorganic pollution. Furthermore, it is considered the only source of potable water as well as having different usages, making its quantitative and qualitative protection an urgent priority. The present study focused mainly on the anthropogenic impact on the natural resources and groundwater quality around Zagora city.

Sequential regulation of hemogenic fate and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell formation from arterial endothelium by Ezh1/2.

Across species, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) arise during embryogenesis from a specialized arterial population, termed hemogenic endothelium. Here, we describe a mechanistic role for the epigenetic regulator, Enhancer of zeste homolog-1 (Ezh1), in vertebrate HSPC production via regulation of hemogenic commitment. Loss of ezh1 in zebrafish embryos favored acquisition of hemogenic (gata2b) and HSPC (runx1) fate at the expense of the arterial program (ephrinb2a, dll4).

Characterization of Retama sphaerocarpa microsymbionts in Zaida lead mine tailings in the Moroccan middle Atlas.

In the Moroccan Middle Atlas, the tailings rich in lead and other metal residues, in the abandoned Zaida mining district, represent a real threat to environment and the neighboring villages' inhabitants' health. In this semi-arid to arid area, phytostabilisation would be the best choice to limit the transfer of heavy metals to populations and groundwater. The aim of this work was to characterize the bacteria that nodulate Retama sphaerocarpa, spontaneous nitrogen fixing shrubby legume, native to the Zaida mining area, with great potential to develop for phytostabilisation.

Smoothelin-like 2 Inhibits Coronin-1B to Stabilize the Apical Actin Cortex during Epithelial Morphogenesis.

The actin cortex is involved in many biological processes and needs to be significantly remodeled during cell differentiation. Developing epithelial cells construct a dense apical actin cortex to carry out their barrier and exchange functions. The apical cortex assembles in response to three-dimensional (3D) extracellular cues, but the regulation of this process during epithelial morphogenesis remains unknown.

Metabolic Regulation of Inflammasome Activity Controls Embryonic Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Production.

Embryonic hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) robustly proliferate while maintaining multilineage potential in vivo; however, an incomplete understanding of spatiotemporal cues governing their generation has impeded robust production from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in vitro. Using the zebrafish model, we demonstrate that NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated interleukin-1-beta (IL1β) signaling drives HSPC production in response to metabolic activity. Genetic induction of active IL1β or pharmacologic inflammasome stimulation increased HSPC number as assessed by in situ hybridization for runx1/cmyb and flow cytometry.

Micropattern-based platform as a physiologically relevant model to study epithelial morphogenesis and nephrotoxicity.

Tubulogenesis in epithelial organs often initiates with the acquisition of apicobasal polarity, giving rise to the formation of small lumens that expand and fuse to generate a single opened cavity. In this study, we present a micropattern-based device engineered to generate epithelial tubes through a process that recapitulates in vivo tubule morphogenesis. Interestingly, tubulogenesis in this device is dependent on microenvironmental cues such as cell confinement, extracellular matrix composition, and substrate stiffness, and our set-up specifically allows the control of these extracellular conditions.

Sfrp3 modulates stromal-epithelial crosstalk during mammary gland development by regulating Wnt levels.

Mammary stroma is essential for epithelial morphogenesis and development. Indeed, postnatal mammary gland (MG) development is controlled locally by the repetitive and bi-directional cross-talk between the epithelial and the stromal compartment. However, the signalling pathways involved in stromal-epithelial communication are not entirely understood.

Entomological inventory of Phlebotomine sand flies and epidemiological study of leishmaniasis in Afourer, Azilal province, High Atlas, Morocco.

In Morocco, leishmaniases are a major public health problem due to their genetic diversity and geographical distribution. Cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. tropica is endemic in the center of the country; it has a high risk of transmission, with Phlebotomus sergenti as vector.

A rare case of super-refractory epileptic status in pregnant woman: Schizencephaly.

Schizencephaly is an anomaly of the subtotal brain development, which occurs as the presence of a cleft lined with grey matter extending from subarachnoid space to the ventricles. It may be manifested by psychomotor retardation, paresis or partial seizures and drug-resistant convulsions. The clinical expression of schizencephaly depends on the bilaterality of the slit, its size and its seat.

Pollution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in the soil-plant system and the sediment-water column around a former Pb/Zn-mining area in NE Morocco.

This study discussed the environmental fate and ecological hazards of heavy metals in the soil-plant system and sediment-water column around the former Pb-Zn mining Zeïda district, in Northeastern Morocco. Spatial distribution, pollution indices, and cluster analysis were applied for assessing Pb, Zn, As, Cu and Cd pollution levels and risks. The geo-accumulation index (I) was determined using two different geochemical backgrounds: i) the commonly used upper crust values, ii) local geochemical background calculated with exploratory data analysis.

Signaling Networks in Epithelial Tube Formation.

Epithelial tubes are crucial to the function of organ systems including the excretory, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and pulmonary. Studies in the last two decades using in vitro organotypic systems and a variety of animal models have substantiated a large number of the morphogenetic mechanisms required to form epithelial tubes in development and regeneration. Many of these mechanisms modulate the differentiation and proliferation events necessary for generating the cell movements and changes in cell shape to delineate the wide variety of epithelial tube sizes, lengths, and conformations.

Endocytic turnover of Rab8 controls cell polarization.

Adaptation of cell shape and polarization through the formation and retraction of cellular protrusions requires balancing of endocytosis and exocytosis combined with fine-tuning of the local activity of small GTPases like Rab8. Here, we show that endocytic turnover of the plasma membrane at protrusions is directly coupled to surface removal and inactivation of Rab8. Removal is induced by reduced membrane tension and mediated by the GTPase regulator associated with focal adhesion kinase-1 (GRAF1, also known as ARHGAP26), a regulator of clathrin-independent endocytosis.

[Prioperative adverse events: critical reading of the data registry used in the surgery department of military hospital Moulay Ismail, Meknes].

Introduction: Despite significant progress made in the field of safety in anesthesia, morbidity (serious or not, completely or partially related to anesthesia) remains common and no health practitioner is immune from accidents. In the current context where priority is given to training programmes, to quality and safety improvement in health care, the occurrence of an anesthesia-related accident in the surgery department is an extremely traumatic event. The fear of prosecution, the emotional context make it difficult to manage.

Dural tear of unusual cause.

Epidural analgesia is highly recommended in cancer anorectal surgery. In addition to the fight against pain it provides some benefit in allowing early rehabilitation of patients. One of the risks of this practice is the dural tear creating a cerebrospinal fluid leak (CSF) in the epidural space (EPD).

[Endocarditis complicated by an aneurysm of the superior mesenteric artery].

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a rare, polymorphic disease in children. Mycotic aneurysm is a rare condition that complicates about 2.5 to 10% of cases of endocarditis.

[The acute respiratory distress syndrome in malaria: is it always the prerogative of Plasmodium falciparum?].

Severe malaria causes nearly one million deaths annually in endemic areas and is a public health priority worldwide. Severity associated with the occurrence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a well-known complication of infection with Plasmodium falciparum and can reach 25% of infected adults. However, ARDS is less often described with other Plasmodium species.

Intrathoracic extrapulmonary hydatid cysts.

Hydatid disease caused by echinococcus granulosus is still a serious problem in both underdeveloped and developing countries. Clinical signs of the disease are not specific. Most patients have a few symptoms when a hydatid cyst is discovered.