Influence of acidic pH on antimicrobial activity of different calcium silicate based-endodontic sealers.

Objective: To investigate the antibacterial activity of calcium silicate-based sealers (CSBSs) against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm in a neutral or acidic condition.

Materials And Methods: Dentin cylinders (4 mm length) were prepared and infected with 3-week-old E. faecalis.

Effect of irrigants on the color stability, solubility, and surface characteristics of calcium-silicate based cements.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the color stability, solubility, and surface characteristics of 3 calcium silicate-based cements (CSCs) after immersion in different solutions.

Materials And Methods: ProRoot white mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Biodentine, and Endosequence Root Repair Material (ERRM) were placed in cylindrical molds and stored at 37°C for 24 hours. Each specimen was immersed in distilled water, 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine, or 0.

A new direction in managing avulsed teeth: stem cell-based de novo PDL regeneration.

Management of avulsed teeth after replantation often leads to an unfavorable outcome. Damage to the thin and vulnerable periodontal ligament is the key reason for failure. Cell- or stem cell-based regenerative medicine has emerged in the past two decades as a promising clinical treatment modality to improve treatment outcomes.

Cell-derived Extracellular Matrix Proteins in Colloidal Microgel as a Self-Assembly Hydrogel for Regenerative Endodontics.

Introduction: This study investigated a colloidal microgel for angiogenic and odontogenic differentiation of cells in the presence of cell-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins using a 3-dimensional culture model.

Methods: Viscoelastic properties of human dental pulp were determined to understand the native ECM environment. ECM proteins were extracted from dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) cultures, and MaxGel (Millipore Sigma, Burlington, MA) was used as a commercially available ECM protein.

The additive effect of iloprost on the biological properties of Mineral trioxide aggregate on mesenchymal stem cells.

Background/purpose: Iloprost has been proposed as a potential biomaterial owing to angiogenic and odontogenic properties. However, the liquid form can limit its use during clinical applications. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has been used for various dental applications in which cell-material interaction is essential.

Antibacterial Effect and Bioactivity of Innovative and Currently Used Intracanal Medicaments in Regenerative Endodontics.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial effect and bioactivity of triple antibiotic paste (TAP), calcium hydroxide (Ca[OH]), and calcium hypochlorite (Ca[OCl]).

Methods: Root canals were infected with 3-week-old Enterococcus faecalis biofilm and then medicated for 7 days with TAP, Ca(OH), or Ca(OCl) (n = 10/group). Untreated and uninfected canals were used as positive and negative controls.

Effect of heat application on the physical properties and chemical structure of calcium silicate-based sealers.

Objective: To determine the effect of heat application on the setting and chemical properties of HiFlow BC Sealer and compare to other calcium silicate (CSBS) and epoxy resin-based root canal sealers.

Materials And Methods: AH Plus, BioRoot RCS (BioRoot), Endosequence BC (Endosequence), and HiFlow BC (HiFlow) sealers were placed at 37 °C or subjected to heat at 200 °C for 10 or 30 s, followed by incubation at 37 °C in a humidified incubator during experiments. Setting time, viscosity, and flow were assessed, and changes in chemical structure were evaluated using the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).

Antimicrobial Activity and Biocompatibility of Antibiotic-Loaded Chitosan Hydrogels as a Potential Scaffold in Regenerative Endodontic Treatment.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of several antibiotic-loaded hydrogel scaffolds against Enterococcus faecalis, as well as their ability to stimulate proliferation and mineralization of dental pulp stem cells.

Methods: Fibrin (Fg) or chitosan-fibrin hydrogels (Ch) were prepared using 12.5 mg/mL fibrinogen and 0.

Soft and Hard Tissue Remodeling after Endodontic Microsurgery: A Cohort Study.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the incision type, with or without a coronally repositioning flap (CRF), on soft tissue healing and crestal bone remodeling after endodontic microsurgery (EMS).

Methods: Clinical pictures and cone-beam computed tomography images from 47 patients (120 teeth) taken before surgery and at the follow-up appointment were included in this study. Clinical pictures were qualitatively evaluated by 2 endodontists for the gingival marginal level (GML) (recession, same position, or coronal root coverage), papillary height (same position/receded), and for presence/absence of scars for each tooth.

Effect of benzalkonium chloride addition to EDTA on attachment and proliferation of dental pulp stem cells on dentin and on transforming growth factor-β1 release.

To investigate the effect of benzalkonium chloride (BAC) addition to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) release, as well as attachment and proliferation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) on dentin. A total of standard 268 human dentin disks were prepared and immersed in 1.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for 5 min.

Dentin Conditioning Protocol for Regenerative Endodontic Procedures.

Introduction: This study focused on the optimization of sodium hypochlorite-EDTA irrigation in terms of the viability and morphology of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and the effects of an optimized EDTA protocol alone or prepared with nanobubble (NB) water on cell behavior.

Methods: In the first part, human dentin discs were conditioned with the following protocols: (1) Sodium hypochlorite followed by phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), (2) Irrigation protocol from group 1 followed by EDTA, (3) Irrigation protocol from group 2 followed by PBS, (4) Sodium hypochlorite followed by EDTA, (5) Irrigation protocol from group 4 followed by PBS. DPSC viability and morphology were determined.

Effect of ultrasonic activation on dentinal tubule penetration of calcium silicate-based cements.

This study investigated the dentinal tubule penetration of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), NeoMTA Plus and Biodentine placed by either manual condensation or ultrasonic activation in simulated open apex model. Standardized divergent open apex models were created using palatal roots of 60 human maxillary molars and divided into six groups according to the used cements and activation methods (n = 10): MTA-manual condensation, MTA-ultrasonic activation, NeoMTA Plus-manual condensation, NeoMTA Plus-ultrasonic activation, Biodentine-manual condensation, Biodentine-ultrasonic activation. For the measurement of penetration, the cements were mixed with 0.

Surface and vertical dimensional changes of mineral trioxide aggregate and biodentine in different environmental conditions.

Objectives: Surface changes in biological environments are critical for the evaluation of physical and biological activity of biomaterials. Objective: This study investigated surface alterations of calcium silicate-based cements after exposure to different environments.

Material And Methods: Material and Methods: Forty-eight cylindrical cavities were prepared on root surfaces.

Obturation quality of calcium silicate-based cements placed with different techniques in teeth with perforating internal root resorption: a micro-computed tomographic study.

Objectives: To evaluate and compare the obturation quality of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine placed with hand condensation or indirect ultrasonic activation technique in teeth models simulating perforating internal root resorption (IRR) using micro-computed tomographic (micro-CT) imaging.

Materials And Methods: Standardized models with perforating IRR cavities were created using 40 extracted single-rooted human teeth and randomly divided into four groups (n = 10). The specimens were obturated with either MTA or Biodentine and the placement technique applied was either hand condensation or indirect ultrasonic activation.

A Miniature Swine Model for Stem Cell-Based De Novo Regeneration of Dental Pulp and Dentin-Like Tissue.

The goal of this study was to establish mini-swine as a large animal model for stem cell-based pulp regeneration studies. Swine dental pulp stem cells (sDPSCs) were isolated from mini-swine and characterized in vitro. For in vivo studies, we first employed both ectopic and semi-orthotopic study models using severe combined immunodeficiency mice.

Concentration and time-dependent effect of initial sodium hypochlorite on the ability of QMix and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid to remove smear layer.

Aims: The aim of this study was to compare the ability of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and QMix with different concentrations and time exposures of initial sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) to remove the smear layer from the root canals.

Materials And Methods: Eighty maxillary central incisors were used. After instrumentation, the teeth were divided into eight experimental groups according to the initial and final rinse.

Efficacy of different irrigant protocols and application systems on sealer penetration using a stepwise CLSM analysis.

This study compared several irrigation protocols and application systems for sealer penetration into dentinal tubules. Single-rooted-human teeth were divided into 5 experimental groups (n = 15) and a control group (n = 5), according to final irrigation protocols: standard needle irrigation (SNI); Vibringe; Vibringe + NaviTip FX (Vibringe NFX); Endo Spray (ES); and passive-ultrasonic-irrigation (PUI). Following obturation of the root canals, the percentage of the sealer penetration was measured at different depths using stepwise CLSM analysis.

Comparison of sodium hypochlorite extrusion by five irrigation systems using an artificial root socket model and a quantitative chemical method.

Objectives: This is to compare the volumes of irrigant apically extruded by five irrigation systems in an artificial socket model simulating clinical conditions.

Materials And Methods: Twenty extracted human single-rooted teeth were enlarged to size 40/04 and then embedded in silicone impression material. The root canal space was irrigated with nominal 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) using standard needle irrigation (SNI) with a 30-gauge notched needle, EndoActivator (EA), XP Endo Finisher (XP Endo), EndoVac (EV), and photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS).

Combined Effects of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 on Odonto/Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells In Vitro.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether combined and concerted delivery of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) enhances odonto/osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in vitro.

Methods: Various concentrations of VEGF and/or BMP-2 with or without the presence of odonto/osteogenic medium (OM) were added into DPSC cultures for 21 days. The mineral formation in cultures was evaluated using alizarin red stain (ARS).

Effect of Instrumentation Techniques and Preparation Taper on Apical Extrusion of Bacteria.

Introduction: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of different root canal instrumentation techniques and preparation tapers on the amount of apically extruded bacteria.

Methods: The root canals of 98 extracted human mandibular incisors were contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis suspension. After incubation at 37°C for 24 hours, the root canals were instrumented with K3 rotary files in a crown-down (CD) or full-length linear instrumentation technique (FL) by using 3 different root canal tapers (0.

Human and Swine Dental Pulp Stem Cells Form a Vascularlike Network after Angiogenic Differentiation in Comparison with Endothelial Cells: A Quantitative Analysis.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to quantify vascular network formation capacity after angiogenic induction of human and swine dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in comparison with endothelial cells.

Methods: Primary human DPSCs or swine DPSCs were induced in endothelial growth medium for 7 days. The expression of the endothelial marker von Willebrand factor was determined by immunostaining.

Comparison of triple antibiotic paste removal by different irrigation techniques.

This study compared different irrigation techniques in triple antibiotic paste (TAP) removal from root canals. Fifty-six maxillaryanterior-teeth were filled with TAP for 28 days, and assigned into 5 experimental groups (n=10): Syringe irrigation (SI), NaviTip FX (NFX), Vibringe-Syringe irrigation (V-SI), NaviTip FX-Vibringe (V-NFX), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and positive and negative control groups (n=3 for each). Following the removal of the medicament, the remaining medicament was evaluated using 4-grade scoring-system.

Vertical root fracture resistance of simulated immature permanent teeth filled with MTA using different vehicles.

Background: The aim of the study is to evaluate the resistance vertical root fracture (VRF) of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) filled-immature permanent roots by using three different vehicles.

Material And Methods: Forty-extracted human single-rooted mandibular premolars were selected and the root length was standardized to the length of 9 mm. For simulation of immature tooth apices, peeso reamers were introduced into the root canals and the prepared roots were assigned into three experimental groups according the used vehicle (distilled water-DW, prophylene glycol-PG, chlorhexidine-CHX) and control group (n=10).

Effect of a Low Surface Tension Vehicle on the Dentinal Tubule Penetration of Calcium Hydroxide and Triple Antibiotic Paste.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate dentinal tubule penetration (DTP) of calcium hydroxide (CH) and triple antibiotic paste (TAP) when performed with distilled water (DW) or a low surface tension liquid (ie, propylene glycol [PG]).

Methods: Root apices of 40 single-rooted premolars were removed to obtain 14-mm roots in length. Root canals were enlarged to simulate immature teeth.

A novel model for testing the efficiency of removal of calcium hydroxide from complex root canal anatomies.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of several irrigation protocols in the removal of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH) ] from simulated internal root resorption cavities in a complex root canal anatomy model. The 20° to 35° curved mesiobuccal roots of 94 maxillary molars were sectioned longitudinally; internal resorption cavities were prepared in the apical third of the canal walls. Calcium hydroxide was placed into the cavities and the root halves reassembled.