Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and age-related macular degeneration in U.S. middle-aged and older adults.

Despite various health effects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure, the association between PFAS exposure and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has not been investigated. We aimed to assess associations of PFAS exposure with AMD, using data from 1722 U.S.

Associations between serum perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl concentrations and diabetes mellitus in the Korean general population: Insights from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey 2018-2020.

Aims: Recent epidemiologic research has examined the relationship between perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and diabetes mellitus with inconclusive findings. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to explore the association between serum PFAS concentrations and the prevalence of prediabetes and pre-diagnostic diabetes in the general Korean population as well as the combined effects of exposure to mixed PFAS compounds.

Methods: We analyzed data from participants aged ≥19 years enrolled in the Korean National Environmental Health Survey Cycle 4 (2018-2020).

Synergistic interaction of co-exposure to humidifier disinfectant chemicals CMIT/MIT and PHMG in lung injury.

A number of biocidal disinfectant chemicals are used as household products to prevent spread of pathogens. People are commonly exposed to multiple chemicals through those disinfectants. However, effects of interactions (e.

Elevated levels of serum per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in contact lens users of U.S. young adults.

Despite evidence indicating the presence of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in contact lenses (CL), it remains unclear whether CL use increases PFAS exposure in the general population. We aimed to determine whether CL users have higher serum concentrations of PFAS than non-users, using data of 1660 adults aged 20-39 years participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2000 and 2003-2008. We classified the individuals into CL users and non-users using the record of vision correction types during a vision test.

Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) and Lipid Trajectories in Women 45-56 Years of Age: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.

Background: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are associated with less favorable blood lipid profiles in epidemiological studies. However, little is known about the potential role of PFAS in longitudinal changes in lipids among midlife women even though women become more susceptible to metabolic alterations during the menopausal transition.

Objectives: To examine associations of serum PFAS concentrations with longitudinal trajectories of blood total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides in midlife women undergoing menopausal transition.

Urinary concentrations of organophosphate esters and associated health outcomes in Korean firefighters.

Although firefighters are at an increased risk of occupational exposure to chemicals, such as flame retardants, research on the exposure of Korean firefighters to organophosphate esters (OPEs)-a group of emerging flame retardants-remains limited. Therefore, in the present study, OPE metabolite concentrations in the urine samples of 149 former and current Korean firefighters were measured. Based on the data obtained, the estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of OPEs were calculated.

Association between environmental chemical exposure and albumin-to-creatinine ratio is modified by hypertension status in women of reproductive age.

Chemicals have been identified as a potential risk factor of renal dysfunction. However, studies that consider both multiple chemicals and non-chemical risk factors, such as hypertension, are rare. In this study, we assessed the associations between exposure to several chemicals, including major metals, phthalates, and phenolic compounds, and the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR).

Isomer-Specific Serum Concentrations of Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid among U.S. Adults: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation Multi-Pollutant Study (SWAN-MPS).

Electrochemical fluorination manufacture of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), one of the most studied per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, produces mixtures of linear and branched isomers, but little is known about human exposure to linear or branched PFOS isomers. We examined determinants affecting isomer-specific patterns of PFOS in serum in two adult populations in the United States, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation Multi-Pollutant Study (SWAN-MPS). After adjusting for demographic variables, fish consumption (in both populations), a glomerular filtration rate above 90 mL/min/1.

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model organism for screening nephrotoxic chemicals and related mechanisms.

Because of essential role in homeostasis of the body fluid and excretion of wastes, kidney damage can lead to severe impacts on health and survival of humans. For most chemicals, nephrotoxic potentials and associated mechanisms are unclear. Hence, fast and sensitive screening measures for nephrotoxic chemicals are required.

Serum antioxidant status and mortality from influenza and pneumonia in US adults.

Objective: We examined the association between serum antioxidant status and mortality from influenza and pneumonia in US adults.

Design: Serum concentrations of antioxidants included vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin E, sum of α- and β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein + zeaxanthin and lycopene. We computed total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as a measure of composite antioxidant status in serum.

Exposure to phthalates and environmental phenols in association with chronic kidney disease (CKD) among the general US population participating in multi-cycle NHANES (2005-2016).

Exposure to consumer chemicals has been associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) among humans, but their associations with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are inconsistent. Such observations may be due to potential bias caused by the method of urine dilution adjustment and lack of consideration for multiple chemical exposure in the association models. This study aimed to identify major urinary chemicals associated with CKD by applying an alternative adjustment method of urine dilution ('novel' covariate-adjusted creatinine adjustment vs 'traditional' creatinine adjustment) and with a mixture exposure concept in the association model.

Effects of 3,4-dichloroaniline (3,4-DCA) and 4,4'-methylenedianiline (4,4'-MDA) on sex hormone regulation and reproduction of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio).

3,4-dichloroaniline (3,4-DCA) and 4,4'-methylenedianiline (4,4'-MDA) have been widely used in manufacture of many industrial and consumer products, and hence often detected in aquatic environment. Reproductive toxicity of aniline and its derivatives in aquatic organisms has been suggested, however, knowledge on the endocrine disruption potentials and toxicological consequences of both anilines are not well understood, especially in fish. In this study, we aimed to understand the effects of 3,4-DCA and 4,4'-MDA on sex hormone regulation and reproduction of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Environment-Wide Association Study of CKD.

Background And Objectives: Exposure to environmental chemicals has been recognized as one of the possible contributors to CKD. We aimed to identify environmental chemicals that are associated with CKD.

Design, Setting, Participants, & Measurements: We analyzed the data obtained from a total of 46,748 adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2016).

Human exposure to legacy and emerging flame retardants in indoor dust: A multiple-exposure assessment of PBDEs.

Human exposure to flame retardants (FRs) in indoor environments is a growing concern. In this study, the concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their alternatives, such as novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs), dechlorane plus (DP), and organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), were measured in dust from indoor environments in Korea to investigate their occurrence, contamination profiles, and health risks. Legacy and emerging FRs were detected in dust samples, indicating widespread contamination of indoor environments.

Urinary metabolites of organophosphate esters (OPEs) are associated with chronic kidney disease in the general US population, NHANES 2013-2014.

Organophosphate esters (OPEs) have been widely used in building materials and consumer products as flame retardants and plasticizers. In vitro studies have suggested adverse effects of OPEs on the kidney. Despite accumulating evidence indicating widespread exposure to OPEs, their association with renal function in humans has not been evaluated.

Endocrine disruption by several aniline derivatives and related mechanisms in a human adrenal H295R cell line and adult male zebrafish.

Aniline and aniline derivatives have been widely used in the production of pesticides, pharmaceuticals, cosmetic, dyes, rubber, and adhesives products. These chemicals can easily be released into the environment through industrial and municipal discharges or as degradation byproducts. Several studies have suggested that aniline and some of its derivatives could cause reproductive toxicity in aquatic organisms.

Urinary metabolites of dibutyl phthalate and benzophenone-3 are potential chemical risk factors of chronic kidney function markers among healthy women.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health threat of growing concern. Recently, exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) such as phthalates and bisphenol A has been suggested as a risk factor for CKD. However, most epidemiological studies have focused on a limited number of urinary chemicals.

Pharmaceutical residues in streams near concentrated animal feeding operations of Korea - Occurrences and associated ecological risks.

Concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) have been suggested to be the most significant source of pharmaceutical release into the environment. However, limited information is available on the occurrence of veterinary pharmaceutical residues and the associated ecological risks to the aquatic environment near CAFO areas. In this study, ten commonly used veterinary antibiotics, including sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and cephalosporins, along with three analgesics, were measured in water samples collected from the streams that run near two CAFOs in Korea in 2013 (n = 16) and 2014 (n = 10).

Perfluoroalkyl acids in serum of Korean children: Occurrences, related sources, and associated health outcomes.

Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) have been widely used in human environment, and their exposure among general population has been frequently reported. However, extent of PFAAs exposure and their potential effects among children are not well characterized. In this study, children of between 3 and 18 years of age (n = 150) were recruited in Seoul and Gyeonggi, Korea, and the serum levels of 16 PFAAs along with lipids and thyroid hormones were measured.

Differential micronucleus frequency in isogenic human cells deficient in DNA repair pathways is a valuable indicator for evaluating genotoxic agents and their genotoxic mechanisms.

The micronucleus (MN) test has become an attractive tool both for evaluating the genotoxicity of test chemicals because of its ability to detect clastogenic and aneugenic events and for its convenience. As the MN assay has been mostly performed using only DNA repair-proficient mammalian cells, we believed that the comparison of the MN frequency between DNA repair-proficient and -deficient human cells may be an excellent indicator for detecting the genotoxic potential of test chemicals and for understanding their mode of action. To address this issue, the following five genes encoding DNA-damage-response (DDR) factors were disrupted in the TK6 B cell line, a human cell line widely used for the MN test: FANCD2, DNA polymerase ζ (REV3), XRCC1, RAD54, and/or LIG4.

Thyroid Hormone Disruption by Water-Accommodated Fractions of Crude Oil and Sediments Affected by the Hebei Spirit Oil Spill in Zebrafish and GH3 Cells.

A crude oil and the coastal sediments that were affected by the Hebei Spirit Oil Spill (HSOS) of Taean, Korea were investigated for thyroid hormone disruption potentials. Water-accommodated fractions (WAFs) of Iranian Heavy crude oil, the major oil type of HSOS, and the porewater or leachate of sediment samples collected along the coast line of Taean were tested for thyroid disruption using developing zebrafish and/or rat pituitary GH3 cells. Major polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their alkylated forms were also measured from the test samples.

Elevated levels of short carbon-chain PFCAs in breast milk among Korean women: Current status and potential challenges.

Breast milks can be contaminated with perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). Exposure to PFASs during early stages of life may lead to adverse health effects among breastfed infants. To date, perfluorootanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) have been most frequently measured PFASs in breast milks worldwide.

Toxicological responses following short-term exposure through gavage feeding or water-borne exposure to Dechlorane Plus in zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Dechlorane Plus (DP) is a chlorinated flame retardant widely used worldwide, and has been reported in environment and humans. However, only limited information is currently available on its toxicity on aquatic organisms. In this study, we employed zebrafish to evaluate possible toxicological responses including oxidative stress and endocrine disruption following exposure to DP.