Effectiveness of Topical Cyclosporin-A 0.1% Compared to Combined Topical Cyclosporin-A 0.1% with Topical Sodium Hyaluronate on Interleukin-6 Levels in the Tears of Patients with Dry Eye Disease.

Introduction: Pro-inflammatory cytokines are important contributors to dry eye disease (DED). The cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 has become a therapeutic target in several DED drug studies. This randomized controlled trial aimed to determine the effectiveness of topical cyclosporin-A 0.

Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Changes after Intraocular Silicone Oil Tamponade in Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment.

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is a serious and emergency condition that may cause visual disturbance. Treatment includes pars plana vitrectomy with a tamponade such as intraocular gas or silicone oil (SO). In many countries, silicone oil is still favorable compared to intraocular gases as tamponade for reattachment of retinal detachment surgery.

Effect of retinol and α-tocopherol supplementation on photoreceptor and retinal ganglion cell apoptosis in diabetic rats model.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes. Retinol and α-tocopherol of diabetic models prevent the damage of photoreceptor and retinal ganglion cells (RGC) caused by hyperglycemia.

Objective: This study aims to examine the effect of retinol and α-tocopherol on photoreceptor and RGC densities and the expression of caspase-3 and -7 on the retinal layers of the diabetic rat model.

Choroidal Thickness in Correlation with Axial Length and Myopia Degree.

Background: Myopia is a condition in which the visual images come to a focus in front of the retina of the eye. This disease is a major cause of visual disability, which presents in 108 million persons globally. Purpose: This study aims to determine the relationship between the degree of myopia, the axial length, and the choroidal thickness (CT).

Comparison between Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Levels in Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment.

Introduction: This study aimed to assess vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) levels within vitreous and blood serum samples of patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and their relationship to the development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR).

Methods: Seventeen eyes of patients with RRD were included in the RRD group and divided into three subgroups: RRD without PVR, RRD with PVR grades A and B, and RRD with PVR grade C. Five control eyes (nucleus and intraocular lens drop) were included in this study.

Vitreous and Serum Concentrations of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in vitreous and serum samples, analyze the ratio, and compare among proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) subgroups.

Patients And Methods: This study included 17 eyes of patients with PDR, identified as the PDR group which was divided into three subgroups (vitreous hemorrhage [VH], VH with fibrotic tissues, and tractional retinal detachment), and five control eyes (nucleus and intraocular lens drop). Vitreous and serum samples were obtained on the same day.

The epidemiology of childhood blindness and severe visual impairment in Indonesia.

Background: The magnitude of blindness among children in Indonesia is unknown. In this study, we aimed to define the magnitude and aetiology of childhood blindness in two parts of Indonesia.

Method: Children aged 0-15 years, identified through key informant method and from special schools and community-based rehabilitation programme in Sumba and Yogyakarta, were assessed following WHO protocol and definitions for ophthalmological assessment and classification of visual impairment and blindness among children.

Peripherin/RDS gene in Indonesian patients with retinitis pigmentosa: geographic comparison of polymorphic variations.

To analyze peripherin/RDS (retinal degeneration slow) gene alterations in Indonesian patients with retinitis pigmentosa. We examined the gene in 13 unrelated Indonesian patients with retinitis pigmentosa and in 24 normal individuals. Peripheral venous blood was extracted, and genomic DNAs were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).