Switching from natalizumab to antiCD20 monoclonal antibodies: Short transition interval is associated with improved outcome.

Objective: To investigate the impact of transition interval length when switching from natalizumab (NTZ) to anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (antiCD20) on recurrent disease activity and safety in relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS).

Methods: Aggregating data from 8 MS centres in Austria, Switzerland, and Germany, we included RMS patients who (i) continuously received NTZ for ≥3 months, (ii) were switched to antiCD20, and (iii) had ≥12 months follow-up after switch. The primary endpoint was occurrence of relapse after switch, secondary endpoints included severe infections (CTCAE grade ≥3).

Delayed fenestration of Blake's pouch with or without vermian hypoplasia: fetal MRI at 3 tesla versus 1.5 tesla.

Background: Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), mainly performed at standard field strength, plays a role in the classification of posterior fossa malformations. In the context of early second-trimester screening, upward rotation of the cerebellar vermis per se is usually compatible with a more favorable outcome than Dandy-Walker malformation and profound vermian hypoplasia. Delayed fenestration of Blake's pouch may either mimic vermian hypoplasia by compression or be associated with it in individual cases.

[Inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases in children : Radiological diagnosis].

Background/clinical Issue: Inflammatory bowel diseases are frequently seen in the clinical routine of a pediatric radiologist. The timely diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases in children is particularly important in acute cases.

Standard Radiological Methods/methodological Innovations: This nonsystematic article intends to give an overview of the radiologic imaging methods for the diagnosis and work-up of pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.

Forearm fractures in children: split opinions about splitting the cast.

Background: Fractures of the forearm are the most common fractures in children. Various methods of cast immobilization have been recommended. Currently, there is still controversy regarding the optimal method of treatment, especially regarding the need for cast splitting.

Size, shape and age-related changes of the mandibular condyle during childhood.

Objective: To determine age-related differences in the size and shape of the mandibular condyle in children to establish anatomical reference values.

Methods: A total of 420 mandibular condyles in 210 children (mean age, 7 years) were retrospectively analysed by using computed tomography (CT) imaging. The greatest left-right (LRD) and anterior-posterior (APD) diameters and the anteversion angles (AA) were measured by two readers.

When coughing can cause stroke--a case-based update on cerebral air embolism complicating biopsy of the lung.

Introducing gas to the circulation is a largely iatrogenic problem which can result in serious morbidity and even death. We report a case of CT-guided needle biopsy of a pulmonary lesion complicated by acute stroke. The English literature on cerebral air embolism is reviewed, including an update of current opinions on its pathomechanism, diagnostic findings, therapeutic strategies, and means of prevention.